<!-- VSPLIT cloning Luminance... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +Cone from Luminance2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- Connecting +Rh2 cone to LWS cone - SWS cone -->
<!-- Connecting +LWS cone to Rh2 cone - SWS2 cone -->
<!-- Connecting -Rh2 cone to Rh2 cone - SWS2 cone -->
<!-- UNKNOWN OPCODE CONNDHGOPP in `finetune` -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Luminance (photopic)... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +Double cone from Luminance (photopic)2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Yellow-Blue... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +Double cone from Yellow-Blue2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Red-Green... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +Double cone from Red-Green2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- DELOPP Luminance (photopic)2 -->
<!-- Connecting +LWS cone to Yellow-Blue -->
<!-- DELOPP Yellow-Blue2 -->
<!-- Connecting +Red cone to Luminance (photopic) -->
<!-- Connecting -SWS1 cone to Yellow-Blue -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Luminance (scotopic)... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +Rh1 rod from Luminance (scotopic)2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- DELOPP Luminance (scotopic)2 -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Luminance (photopic)... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +LWS cone from Luminance (photopic)2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Yellow-Blue... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +LWS cone from Yellow-Blue2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Red-Green... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +LWS cone from Red-Green2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Yellow-Blue... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +LWS cone from Yellow-Blue2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Yellow-Blue... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting -SWS1 cone from Yellow-Blue2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Blue-UV... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting -SWS1 cone from Blue-UV2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Yellow-Blue2... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting -SWS1 cone from Yellow-Blue22 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- DELOPP Luminance (photopic)2 -->
<!-- DELOPP Yellow-Blue2 -->
<!-- DELOPP Red-Green2 -->
<!-- DELOPP Yellow-Blue2 -->
<!-- DELOPP Yellow-Blue2 -->
<!-- DELOPP Blue-UV2 -->
<!-- DELOPP Yellow-Blue22 -->
<!-- Connecting +LWS transmuted rod to Luminance (scotopic) -->
<!-- Rh1 rod acuity times 0.51136363636364 is now 11.25. -->
<!-- LWS transmuted rod acuity times 0.51136363636364 is now 4.5. -->
<!-- SWS1 transmuted rod acuity times 0.51136363636364 is now 22.5. -->
<!-- deleted Luminance (photopic) no plusreceps -->
<!-- Luminance (scotopic) (10001) has +Rh1 rod -->
<!-- oppoacup 11.25 from Rh1 rod -->
<!-- Luminance (scotopic) (10001) has +LWS transmuted rod -->
<!-- oppoacup 4.5 from LWS transmuted rod -->
<!-- Luminance (scotopic): Array
(
    [0] => 1
)
 -->
<!-- Luminance (scotopic) mode = 1 -->
<!-- Luminance (scotopic) acuity is 4.5 based on +4.5, -0 -->
<!-- deleted Yellow-Blue no plusreceps -->
<!-- deleted Blue-UV no plusreceps -->
<!-- deleted Red-Green no plusreceps -->
<!-- deleted Red-Green no plusreceps -->
<!-- deleted Infrared no plusreceps -->
<!-- deleted Yellow-Blue no plusreceps -->
<!-- Green-UV (scotopic) (116904) has +LWS transmuted rod -->
<!-- oppoacup 4.5 from LWS transmuted rod -->
<!-- Green-UV (scotopic) (116904) has -SWS1 transmuted rod -->
<!-- oppoacum 22.5 from SWS1 transmuted rod -->
<!-- Green-UV (scotopic): Array
(
    [0] => 1
)
 -->
<!-- Green-UV (scotopic) mode = 1 -->
<!-- Green-UV (scotopic) acuity is 22.5 based on +4.5, -22.5 -->
<!-- Yellow-Blue (scotopic) (116905) has +LWS transmuted rod -->
<!-- oppoacup 4.5 from LWS transmuted rod -->
<!-- Yellow-Blue (scotopic) (116905) has -Rh1 rod -->
<!-- oppoacum 11.25 from Rh1 rod -->
<!-- Yellow-Blue (scotopic): Array
(
    [0] => 1
)
 -->
<!-- Yellow-Blue (scotopic) mode = 1 -->
<!-- Yellow-Blue (scotopic) acuity is 11.25 based on +4.5, -11.25 -->
<!-- Opp Luminance (scotopic) pl/ml ranges: 487, 0 -->
<!-- Opp Green-UV (scotopic) pl/ml ranges: 531, 372 -->
<!-- Opp Yellow-Blue (scotopic) pl/ml ranges: 569, 445 -->
<!-- green at 518 nm. -->
<!-- uv at 382 nm. -->
<!-- yellow at 569 nm. -->
<!-- blue at 445 nm. -->
<!-- Scotopic: 1 [, Green-UV (scotopic), Lime-Aqua (scotopic), ] -->
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<title>AVIAN - Banded cat-eyed snake (Leptodeira annulata)</title>
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<h4 id="subtitle">Animal Vision Interactive Analyzer</h4>
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<ul>
	<li>Major Taxa
		<ul>
			<li><a href="index.php?node=0&id=681">Animalia</a></li>
<li><a href="index.php?node=26&id=681">Chelicerata</a></li>
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			<li><a href="species.php?id=681">Banded&nbsp;cat-eyed&nbsp;snake&nbsp;(Leptodeira&nbsp;annulata)</a></li>
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<span id="opfisehciet"><br><br>&nbsp;</span>

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<br><br><br>
<!-- Luminance (scotopic): plmax 509(487); zero 0; mlmax 0(0) -->
<!-- Lime-Aqua (scotopic): plmax 560(569); zero 518; mlmax 475(445) -->
<!-- Green-UV (scotopic): plmax 535(518); zero 422; mlmax 369(382) -->
<div id="specieshdr">
<h3>Banded cat-eyed snake (<i>Leptodeira annulata</i>)</h3>

<p><!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '426' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '416' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '186' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '182' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '95' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '5' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '402' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '159' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '478' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '1' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '0' -->
Containing taxa: <a href="index.php?node=0">Animalia</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=1">Chordata</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=478">Osteichthyes</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=159">Sarcopterygii</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=402">Tetrapoda</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=5">Diapsida</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=95">Lepidosauromorpha</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=182">Squamata</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=186">Serpentes</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=416">Caenophidia</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=426">Colubridae</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=429">Dipsadinae</a></p>


</div>

<div id="opsinopp">
<div id="opsins">
Photoreceptors:
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="503">
    <tr class="tblheader">
        <td width=40%>Receptor</td>
        <td width=20%>Opsin&nbsp;&lambda;max</td>
        <td width=20%>Filter&nbsp;&lambda;max</td>
        <td width=20%>Filter&nbsp;&lambda;50%</td>
        <td width=20%>Recep.&nbsp;&lambda;max</td>
    </tr>
<tr><td nowrap>LWS transmuted rod</td><td>535nm</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>535nm</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap>Rh1 rod</td><td>494nm</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>494nm</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap>SWS1 transmuted rod</td><td>360nm</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>370nm</td></tr>
</table>

<!-- acria petuar -->
</div>

<br><br>

<div id="opponents">
Opponent processes:
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="503">
    <tr class="tblheader">
        <td width=40%>Description</td>
        <td width=25%>(+) Terminus</td>
        <td width=25%>(-) Terminus</td>
        <td width=10%>Mode</td>
    </tr>
<tr>
            <td valign=top>Luminance (scotopic)<br>
			            <!-- : 1.39826326799 - 1 -->
            </td>
            <td valign=top style="background-color: #111; color: #ffffff;">Rh1 rod<br>LWS transmuted rod</td>
            <td valign=top style="background-color: #111; color: #000000;">&nbsp;</td>
            <td>Scotopic</td>
          </tr>
        <tr>
            <td valign=top>Lime-Aqua (scotopic)<br>
			560nm - 518nm - 475nm<br>&nbsp;            <!-- : 2.1962568544217 - 2.4904644304409 -->
            </td>
            <td valign=top style="background-color: #111; color: #ff000e;">LWS transmuted rod</td>
            <td valign=top style="background-color: #111; color: #00ffed;">Rh1 rod</td>
            <td>Scotopic</td>
          </tr>
        <tr>
            <td valign=top>Green-UV (scotopic)<br>
			535nm - 422nm - 369nm<br>&nbsp;            <!-- : 1.3310230165853 - 0.57528937762942 -->
            </td>
            <td valign=top style="background-color: #111; color: #c0ff00;">LWS transmuted rod</td>
            <td valign=top style="background-color: #111; color: #4300ff;">SWS1 transmuted rod</td>
            <td>Scotopic</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
</div>
</div>


<div id="receptors">
<div class="tab">
  <button class="tablinks active" onclick="openTab(event, 'ops')">Photoreceptor Curves</button>
  <button class="tablinks" onclick="openTab(event, 'opp')">Opponency Curves</button>
  <button class="tablinks" onclick="openTab(event, 'dsc')">Wavelength Discrimination</button>
  <button class="tablinks" onclick="openTab(event, 'cie')">Chromaticity Diagram</button>
  <button class="tablinks" onclick="openTab(event, 'script')">Script Commands</button>
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<div id="ops" class="tabcontent">
	<p id="pw1">Please wait...</p> 
	<img src="img/opsinimg.php?species_id=681" onload="window.setTimeout(function(){$('#pw1').hide();},53);">
</div>

<div id="opp" class="tabcontent">
	<p id="pw2">Please wait...</p> 
  <script>
  var oppimurl = 'img/opponimg.php?species_id=681';
  </script>
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<div id="dsc" class="tabcontent">
	<p id="pw3">Please wait...</p> 
  <script>
  var dscimurl = 'img/discriminimg.php?species_id=681';
  </script>
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<div id="cie" class="tabcontent">
	<p id="pw4">Please wait...</p> 
  <!-- p>WARNING: Beta.</p -->
  <script>
  var cieimurl = 'img/chromatimg.php?species_id=681';
  var modes = [			1, 			  ];
  var modenm = [		'Scotopic', 			  ];
  openTab(false, 'ops');
  </script>
</div>

<div id="script" class="tabcontent">
<textarea style="width: 1050px; height: 400px;">
10001	t1	VSPLIT		Receptor,Rod,Cone
10002	t1	RCPMODE		Rod,1
10003	t1	TSPLIT		Cone,LWS cone,SWS cone
10004	t1	OPSIN		LWS cone,530
10005	t1	TSPLIT		SWS cone,MWS cone,SWS1 cone
10006	t1	OPSIN		SWS1 cone,380
10008	t1	TSPLIT		MWS cone,Rh2 cone,SWS2 cone
10009	t1	OPSIN		SWS2 cone,440
106382	t1	DSCOPP		643,SWS2 cone,SWS1 cone,Rod
106383	t1	DISCOPP		10003,Rh2 cone
106384	t1	CONNOPP		10003,+,Rh2 cone
106385	t1	DSCOPP		10005,Rh2 cone
106386	t1	CONNOPP		10008,+,LWS cone
106387	t1	DSCOPP		10008,SWS2 cone
106388	t1	DISCOPP		10008,Rh2 cone
106389	t1	CONNOPP		10008,-,Rh2 cone
106412	t1	NAMEOPP		643,Luminance (photopic)
106413	t1	NAMEOPP		10001,Luminance (scotopic)
106416	t1	DELOPP		106390
106418	t1	CONNdhgOPP	10003,+,LWS cone
106438	t1	NAMEOPP		10003,Yellow-Blue
106439	t1	NAMEOPP		10005,Blue-UV
106440	t1	NAMEOPP		10008,Red-Green
1335409	t1	RCPACU		Cone,2
1335410	t1	RCPACU		Rod,.5
10007	t478	RCPNAME		Rod-like,Rod
106626	t478	GRADLVL		50
1335402	t478	RCPACU		LWS cone,Rh2 cone,5
1335403	t478	RCPACU		SWS2 cone,SWS1 cone,1
1361559	t478	RCPACU		Rod,2
1561559	t478	RCPACU		Rod,2
106390	t159	VSPLIT		LWS cone,LWS cone,Double cone
106391	t159	SCRPIG		Double cone,408,445,150,2
106392	t159	DSCOPP		643,LWS cone,Rh2 cone
106393	t159	DSCOPP		10003,Double cone
106394	t159	DSCOPP		10008,Double cone
106630	t159	DISCOPP		10003,SWS1 cone
106673	t159	DELOPP		Luminance (photopic)2
106684	t159	DELOPP		106390Luminance (photopic)2
106685	t159	CONNOPP		10003,+,LWS cone
106373	t402	OPSIN		LWS cone,Double cone,565
106374	t402	PORPH		Double cone,LWS cone,Rh2 cone,SWS2 cone,SWS1 cone,Rod,0
106375	t402	SCRPIG		LWS cone,530,600,270,5
106376	t402	OPSIN		Rh2 cone,505
106377	t402	OPSIN		SWS2 cone,440
106378	t402	OPSIN		SWS1 cone,360
106379	t402	SCRPIG		Rh2 cone,475,535,200,3
106380	t402	SCRPIG		SWS2 cone,408,440,100,1
106381	t402	NOSCRPIG	SWS1 cone
106687	t5	DSCOPP		10003,SWS1 cone
106688	t5	DELOPP		106390Yellow-Blue2
106689	t5	RCPNAME		LWS cone,Red cone
106690	t5	RCPNAME		Rh2 cone,Green cone
106691	t5	RCPNAME		SWS2 cone,Blue cone
106692	t5	RCPNAME		SWS1 cone,Vio/UV cone
106728	t5	NAMEOPP		106390,Red-Green
106753	t5	COLOPP		10003,ff0,00f
106754	t5	COLOPP		10005,0ff,f0f
106755	t5	COLOPP		106390,f00,0f0
1351568	t182	ACUITY		12
116883	t186	NOSCRPIG	*
116884	t186	OPSIN		Green cone,Blue cone,0
116885	t186	CONNOPP		643,+,Red cone
116886	t186	RCPNAME		Red cone,LWS cone
116887	t186	RCPNAME		Vio/UV cone,SWS1 cone
116888	t186	RCPNAME		Rod,Rh1 rod
116889	t186	RCPNAME		Double cone,IR receptor
116890	t186	OPSIN		IR receptor,10000
116891	t186	DSCOPP		643,IR receptor
116892	t186	CRE8OPP		Infrared,+IR receptor
116893	t186	COLOPP		10003,cf0,60f
116894	t186	CONNOPP		10003,-,SWS1 cone
116895	t186	COLOPP		116892,f00,067
1351581	t186	ACUITY		4
116896	t416	VSPLIT		Rh1 rod,Rh1 transmuted cone
116897	t416	RCPMODE		Rh1 transmuted cone,0
116898	t416	DELOPP		116896
116899	t416	CRE8OPP		Yellow-Blue,+LWS cone,-Rh1 transmuted cone
116900	t416	VSPLIT		LWS cone,LWS transmuted rod
116901	t416	VSPLIT		SWS1 cone,SWS1 transmuted rod
116902	t416	DELOPP		116900,116901
116903	t416	RCPMODE		LWS transmuted rod,SWS1 transmuted rod,1
116904	t416	CRE8OPP		Green-UV (scotopic),+LWS transmuted rod,-SWS1 transmuted rod
116905	t416	CRE8OPP		Yellow-Blue (scotopic),+LWS transmuted rod,-Rh1 rod
116910	t416	CONNOPP		10001,+,LWS transmuted rod
3865	s681	OPSIN		LWS cone,0
3866	s681	OPSIN		Rh1 transmuted cone,0
3867	s681	OPSIN		SWS1 cone,0
3868	s681	OPSIN		Rh1 Rod,494
3869	s681	OPSIN		IR receptor,0
3870	s681	OPSIN		LWS transmuted rod,535
3871	s681	OPSIN		SWS1 transmuted rod,360
</textarea>
</div>

</div>


<div id="links">
<a href="color.php?sp=681">View color of something</a>
| <a href="image_process.php">Process image</a>
| <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Leptodeira annulata&tbm=isch&tbs=sur:fmc" target="_gizoogle">Image Search</a>
</div>

<div class="clear">
&nbsp;
</div>

<div class="cites">
<h3>Notes and References:</h3>
Sim~oes BF, Sampaio FL, Douglas RH, Kodandaramaiah U,
Casewell NR, Harrison RA, Hart NS, Partridge JC,
Hunt DM, Gower DJ (2016)
Visual Pigments, Ocular Filters and the Evolution of Snake Vision.
<i>Mol. Biol. Evol.</i> 33(10):2483–2495 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw148 " target="_cite">doi:10.1093/molbev/msw148 </a> <br><br>Warrant E.J., Nilsson D.-E. (1998) Absorption of White Light in Photoreceptors. <i>Vision Res.</i>, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 195-207. PII: S0042-6989(97)00151-X <br><br>Stavenga D., Smits R.P., Hoenders B.J. (1993) Simple Exponential Functions Describing the Absorbance Bands of Visual Pigment Spectra. <i>Vision Res.</i> 33(8) pp. 1011-1017. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(93)90237-Q " target="_cite">doi:10.1016/0042-6989(93)90237-Q </a><br><br> <br><br>
<em>Note: Many species may have gaps in available data, which may be filled in with extrapolations from closely related species.
The AVIAN website is copyright &copy; 2011-2024 J. Gagnon. All rights reserved unless otherwise specified.
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