AVIAN

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10001	t1	VSPLIT		Receptor,Rod,Cone
10002	t1	RCPMODE		Rod,1
10003	t1	TSPLIT		Cone,LWS cone,SWS cone
10004	t1	OPSIN		LWS cone,530
10005	t1	TSPLIT		SWS cone,MWS cone,SWS1 cone
10006	t1	OPSIN		SWS1 cone,380
10008	t1	TSPLIT		MWS cone,Rh2 cone,SWS2 cone
10009	t1	OPSIN		SWS2 cone,440
106382	t1	DSCOPP		643,SWS2 cone,SWS1 cone,Rod
106383	t1	DISCOPP		10003,Rh2 cone
106384	t1	CONNOPP		10003,+,Rh2 cone
106385	t1	DSCOPP		10005,Rh2 cone
106386	t1	CONNOPP		10008,+,LWS cone
106387	t1	DSCOPP		10008,SWS2 cone
106388	t1	DISCOPP		10008,Rh2 cone
106389	t1	CONNOPP		10008,-,Rh2 cone
106412	t1	NAMEOPP		643,Luminance (photopic)
106413	t1	NAMEOPP		10001,Luminance (scotopic)
106416	t1	DELOPP		106390
106418	t1	CONNdhgOPP	10003,+,LWS cone
106438	t1	NAMEOPP		10003,Yellow-Blue
106439	t1	NAMEOPP		10005,Blue-UV
106440	t1	NAMEOPP		10008,Red-Green
1335409	t1	RCPACU		Cone,2
1335410	t1	RCPACU		Rod,.5
10007	t478	RCPNAME		Rod-like,Rod
106626	t478	GRADLVL		50
1335402	t478	RCPACU		LWS cone,Rh2 cone,5
1335403	t478	RCPACU		SWS2 cone,SWS1 cone,1
1361559	t478	RCPACU		Rod,2
1561559	t478	RCPACU		Rod,2
106390	t159	VSPLIT		LWS cone,LWS cone,Double cone
106391	t159	SCRPIG		Double cone,408,445,150,2
106392	t159	DSCOPP		643,LWS cone,Rh2 cone
106393	t159	DSCOPP		10003,Double cone
106394	t159	DSCOPP		10008,Double cone
106630	t159	DISCOPP		10003,SWS1 cone
106673	t159	DELOPP		Luminance (photopic)2
106684	t159	DELOPP		106390Luminance (photopic)2
106685	t159	CONNOPP		10003,+,LWS cone
106373	t402	OPSIN		LWS cone,Double cone,565
106374	t402	PORPH		Double cone,LWS cone,Rh2 cone,SWS2 cone,SWS1 cone,Rod,0
106375	t402	SCRPIG		LWS cone,530,600,270,5
106376	t402	OPSIN		Rh2 cone,505
106377	t402	OPSIN		SWS2 cone,440
106378	t402	OPSIN		SWS1 cone,360
106379	t402	SCRPIG		Rh2 cone,475,535,200,3
106380	t402	SCRPIG		SWS2 cone,408,440,100,1
106381	t402	NOSCRPIG	SWS1 cone
106632	t3	TSPLIT		Rod,Red rod,Green rod
106633	t3	OPSIN		Green rod,440
106635	t3	NOSCRPIG	LWS cone,Rh2 cone,SWS2 cone,SWS1 cone
106636	t3	CONNOPP		643,+,LWS cone
106641	t3	DISCOPP		10001,Green rod
1351525	t3	OPSIN		Double cone,0
1351565	t3	ACUITY		3
1561562	t3	RCPACU		Green rod,.3
106634	t122	OPSIN		Rh2 cone,0
1351535	t122	DELOPP		10003
1351536	t122	COLOPP		106390,f00,0f0
1351537	t122	COLOPP		10005,ff0,00f
1351538	t122	DSCOPP		106390,SWS1 cone
2845	s525	OPSIN		Red cone,570
2846	s525	OPSIN		Blue cone,435
2847	s525	OPSIN		UV cone,360:100|435:1.5|570:.00001
5481	s525	PORPH		Red cone,15
5482	s525	PORPH		Blue cone,15
5483	s525	PORPH		UV cone,15
5484	s525	PORPH		Red rod,15
5485	s525	PORPH		Green rod,15

Notes and References:

Isayama T., Chen Y., Kono M., Fabre E., Slavsky M., DeGrip W.J., Ma J.-X., Crouch R.K., Makino C.L. (2014) Co-expression of three opsins in cone photoreceptors of the salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. J Comp Neurol. 2014 July 1; 522(10): 2249-2265. doi:10.1002/cne.23531

Warrant E.J., Nilsson D.-E. (1998) Absorption of White Light in Photoreceptors. Vision Res., Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 195-207. PII: S0042-6989(97)00151-X

Stavenga D., Smits R.P., Hoenders B.J. (1993) Simple Exponential Functions Describing the Absorbance Bands of Visual Pigment Spectra. Vision Res. 33(8) pp. 1011-1017. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(93)90237-Q

Note: Many species may have gaps in available data, which may be filled in with extrapolations from closely related species. The AVIAN website is copyright © 2011-2024 J. Gagnon. All rights reserved unless otherwise specified.

Receptor	Opsin λmax	Filter λmax	Filter λ50%	Recep. λmax
LWS cone	565nm			565nm
Red rod	500nm			500nm
SWS2 cone	440nm			440nm
Green rod	440nm			440nm
SWS1 cone	360nm			365nm

Description	(+) Terminus	(-) Terminus	Mode
Luminance (photopic)	LWS cone		Photopic
Luminance (scotopic)	Red rod		Scotopic
Lime-Indigo 565nm - 494nm - 440nm	LWS cone	SWS2 cone	Photopic
Blue-UV 442nm - 401nm - 364nm	SWS2 cone	SWS1 cone	Photopic
Red rod - Green rod 514nm - 472nm - 431nm	Red rod	Green rod	Scotopic

Animal Vision Interactive Analyzer

Tiger salamander (terrestrial) (Ambystoma tigrinum)

Notes and References: