Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus)

Containing taxa: Animalia » Chordata » Osteichthyes » Actinopterygii » Neopterygii » Teleostei » Euteleostei » Neoteleostei » Acanthomorpha » Acanthopterygii » Percomorpha » Percomorpharia » Uranoscopiformes » Ammodytidae

Photoreceptors:
Receptor Opsin λmax Filter λmax Filter λ50% Recep. λmax
Double cone LWS527nm  527nm
Double cone MWS493nm  493nm
Rod482nm  482nm
Rh2 cone480nm  480nm
SWS1 cone398nm  398nm


Opponent processes:
Description (+) Terminus (-) Terminus Mode
Luminance (photopic)
Rh2 cone
Double cone LWS
Double cone MWS
  Photopic
Luminance (scotopic)
Rod   Scotopic
Green-Aqua (double cones)
555nm - 514nm - 472nm
 
Double cone LWS Double cone MWS Photopic
Double-Single cones
544nm - 502nm - 460nm
 
Double cone LWS
Double cone MWS
Rh2 cone Photopic
Cyan-UVA
496nm - 443nm - 398nm
 
Rh2 cone
Double cone LWS
Double cone MWS
SWS1 cone Photopic

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Notes and References:

Britt L.L., Loew E.R., McFarland W.N. (2001) VISUAL PIGMENTS IN THE EARLY LIFE STAGES OF PACIFIC NORTHWEST MARINE FISHES Journal of Experimental Biology 204, 2581-2587 (2001)

Warrant E.J., Nilsson D.-E. (1998) Absorption of White Light in Photoreceptors. Vision Res., Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 195-207. PII: S0042-6989(97)00151-X

Stavenga D., Smits R.P., Hoenders B.J. (1993) Simple Exponential Functions Describing the Absorbance Bands of Visual Pigment Spectra. Vision Res. 33(8) pp. 1011-1017. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(93)90237-Q



Note: Many species may have gaps in available data, which may be filled in with extrapolations from closely related species. The AVIAN website is copyright © 2011-2024 J. Gagnon. All rights reserved unless otherwise specified.