<!-- VSPLIT cloning Luminance... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +Cone from Luminance2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- Connecting +Rh2 cone to LWS cone - SWS cone -->
<!-- Connecting +LWS cone to Rh2 cone - SWS2 cone -->
<!-- Connecting -Rh2 cone to Rh2 cone - SWS2 cone -->
<!-- UNKNOWN OPCODE CONNDHGOPP in `finetune` -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Luminance (photopic)... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +Double cone from Luminance (photopic)2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Yellow-Blue... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +Double cone from Yellow-Blue2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Red-Green... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +Double cone from Red-Green2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- DELOPP Luminance (photopic)2 -->
<!-- Connecting +LWS cone to Yellow-Blue -->
<!-- DELOPP Yellow-Blue2 -->
<!-- Rod acuity times 0.25568181818182 is now 5.625. -->
<!-- Double cone accessory acuity times 0.25568181818182 is now 2.25. -->
<!-- Blue cone acuity times 0.25568181818182 is now 11.25. -->
<!-- Green cone acuity times 0.25568181818182 is now 2.25. -->
<!-- Double cone principal acuity times 0.25568181818182 is now 2.25. -->
<!-- Luminance (photopic) (643) has +Double cone accessory -->
<!-- oppoacup 2.25 from Double cone accessory -->
<!-- Luminance (photopic) (643) has +Double cone principal -->
<!-- Luminance (photopic): Array
(
    [0] => 0
)
 -->
<!-- Luminance (photopic) mode = 0 -->
<!-- Luminance (photopic) acuity is 2.25 based on +2.25, -0 -->
<!-- Luminance (scotopic) (10001) has +Rod -->
<!-- oppoacup 5.625 from Rod -->
<!-- Luminance (scotopic): Array
(
    [0] => 1
)
 -->
<!-- Luminance (scotopic) mode = 1 -->
<!-- Luminance (scotopic) acuity is 5.625 based on +5.625, -0 -->
<!-- Yellow-Blue (10003) has +Green cone -->
<!-- oppoacup 2.25 from Green cone -->
<!-- Yellow-Blue (10003) has -Blue cone -->
<!-- oppoacum 11.25 from Blue cone -->
<!-- Yellow-Blue: Array
(
    [0] => 0
)
 -->
<!-- Yellow-Blue mode = 0 -->
<!-- Yellow-Blue acuity is 11.25 based on +2.25, -11.25 -->
<!-- Blue-UV (10005) has +Blue cone -->
<!-- oppoacup 11.25 from Blue cone -->
<!-- Blue-UV: Array
(
    [0] => 0
)
 -->
<!-- Blue-UV mode = 0 -->
<!-- Blue-UV acuity is 11.25 based on +11.25, -0 -->
<!-- deleted Red-Green no plusreceps -->
<!-- Red-Green (106390) has +Green cone -->
<!-- oppoacup 2.25 from Green cone -->
<!-- Red-Green: Array
(
    [0] => 0
)
 -->
<!-- Red-Green mode = 0 -->
<!-- Red-Green acuity is 2.25 based on +2.25, -0 -->
<!-- Double cone principal - Double cone accessory (106674) has +Double cone principal -->
<!-- oppoacup 2.25 from Double cone principal -->
<!-- Double cone principal - Double cone accessory (106674) has -Double cone accessory -->
<!-- oppoacum 2.25 from Double cone accessory -->
<!-- Double cone principal - Double cone accessory: Array
(
    [0] => 0
)
 -->
<!-- Double cone principal - Double cone accessory mode = 0 -->
<!-- Double cone principal - Double cone accessory acuity is 2.25 based on +2.25, -2.25 -->
<!-- deleted  no plusreceps -->
<!-- Double-Single cones (106758) has +Double cone principal -->
<!-- oppoacup 2.25 from Double cone principal -->
<!-- Double-Single cones (106758) has -Green cone -->
<!-- oppoacum 2.25 from Green cone -->
<!-- Double-Single cones: Array
(
    [0] => 0
)
 -->
<!-- Double-Single cones mode = 0 -->
<!-- Double-Single cones acuity is 2.25 based on +2.25, -2.25 -->
<!-- Opp Luminance (photopic) pl/ml ranges: 505, 0 -->
<!-- Opp Luminance (scotopic) pl/ml ranges: 483, 0 -->
<!-- Opp Yellow-Blue pl/ml ranges: 536, 422 -->
<!-- unset Blue-UV: no minusrecep and not luminance -->
<!-- unset Red-Green: no minusrecep and not luminance -->
<!-- Opp Double cone principal - Double cone accessory pl/ml ranges: 617, 475 -->
<!-- Opp Double-Single cones pl/ml ranges: 594, 471 -->
<!-- unset Double-Single cones: p_lmax, m_lmax, medzero duplicate of Double cone principal - Double cone accessory -->
<!-- yellow at 526 nm. -->
<!-- blue at 400 nm. -->
<!-- doubleconeprincipal at 617 nm. -->
<!-- doubleconeaccessory at 475 nm. -->
<!-- Photopic: 0 [, Green-Indigo, Double cone principal - Double cone accessory, ] -->
<!-- Scotopic: 1 [, ] -->
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<h4 id="subtitle">Animal Vision Interactive Analyzer</h4>
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			<li><a href="index.php?node=0&id=189">Animalia</a></li>
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			<li><a href="species.php?id=189">Spectacled&nbsp;caiman&nbsp;(Caiman&nbsp;crocodilus)</a></li>
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<span id="opfisehciet"><br><br>&nbsp;</span>

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<br><br><br>
<!-- Luminance (photopic): plmax 527(505); zero 0; mlmax 0(0) -->
<!-- Luminance (scotopic): plmax 501(483); zero 0; mlmax 0(0) -->
<!-- Double cone principal - Double cone accessory: plmax 567(617); zero 526; mlmax 483(475) -->
<!-- Green-Indigo: plmax 519(526); zero 478; mlmax 439(400) -->
<div id="specieshdr">
<h3>Spectacled caiman (<i>Caiman crocodilus</i>)</h3>

<p><!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '419' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '5' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '402' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '159' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '478' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '1' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '0' -->
Containing taxa: <a href="index.php?node=0">Animalia</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=1">Chordata</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=478">Osteichthyes</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=159">Sarcopterygii</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=402">Tetrapoda</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=5">Diapsida</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=419">Archosauria</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=96">Crocodylomorpha</a></p>


</div>

<div id="opsinopp">
<div id="opsins">
Photoreceptors:
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="503">
    <tr class="tblheader">
        <td width=40%>Receptor</td>
        <td width=20%>Opsin&nbsp;&lambda;max</td>
        <td width=20%>Filter&nbsp;&lambda;max</td>
        <td width=20%>Filter&nbsp;&lambda;50%</td>
        <td width=20%>Recep.&nbsp;&lambda;max</td>
    </tr>
<tr><td nowrap>Double cone principal</td><td>535nm</td><td><td><td>535nm</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap>Double cone accessory</td><td>535,506nm</td><td><td><td>519nm</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap>Green cone</td><td>506nm</td><td><td><td>506nm</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap>Rod</td><td>500nm</td><td><td><td>501nm</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap>Blue cone</td><td>443nm</td><td><td><td>447nm</td></tr>
</table>

<!-- acria oxtu -->
</div>

<br><br>

<div id="opponents">
Opponent processes:
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="503">
    <tr class="tblheader">
        <td width=40%>Description</td>
        <td width=25%>(+) Terminus</td>
        <td width=25%>(-) Terminus</td>
        <td width=10%>Mode</td>
    </tr>
<tr>
            <td valign=top>Luminance (photopic)<br>
			            <!-- : 1.2583289149579 - 1 -->
            </td>
            <td valign=top style="background-color: #111; color: #ffffff;">Double cone accessory<br>Double cone principal</td>
            <td valign=top style="background-color: #111; color: #000000;">&nbsp;</td>
            <td>Photopic</td>
          </tr>
        <tr>
            <td valign=top>Luminance (scotopic)<br>
			            <!-- : 1.100840706005 - 1 -->
            </td>
            <td valign=top style="background-color: #111; color: #ffffff;">Rod</td>
            <td valign=top style="background-color: #111; color: #000000;">&nbsp;</td>
            <td>Scotopic</td>
          </tr>
        <tr>
            <td valign=top>Double cone principal - Double cone accessory<br>
			567nm - 526nm - 483nm<br>&nbsp;            <!-- : 5.9269819164955 - 6.6905749330301 -->
            </td>
            <td valign=top style="background-color: #111; color: #ff0014;">Double cone principal</td>
            <td valign=top style="background-color: #111; color: #00ffe9;">Double cone accessory</td>
            <td>Photopic</td>
          </tr>
        <tr>
            <td valign=top>Green-Indigo<br>
			519nm - 478nm - 439nm<br>&nbsp;            <!-- : 1.3086825312661 - 1.25964138687 -->
            </td>
            <td valign=top style="background-color: #111; color: #ffff00;">Green cone</td>
            <td valign=top style="background-color: #111; color: #0000ff;">Blue cone</td>
            <td>Photopic</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
</div>
</div>


<div id="receptors">
<div class="tab">
  <button class="tablinks active" onclick="openTab(event, 'ops')">Photoreceptor Curves</button>
  <button class="tablinks" onclick="openTab(event, 'opp')">Opponency Curves</button>
  <button class="tablinks" onclick="openTab(event, 'dsc')">Wavelength Discrimination</button>
  <button class="tablinks" onclick="openTab(event, 'cie')">Chromaticity Diagram</button>
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<div id="ops" class="tabcontent">
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	<img src="img/opsinimg.php?species_id=189" onload="window.setTimeout(function(){$('#pw1').hide();},53);">
</div>

<div id="opp" class="tabcontent">
	<p id="pw2">Please wait...</p> 
  <script>
  var oppimurl = 'img/opponimg.php?species_id=189';
  </script>
</div>

<div id="dsc" class="tabcontent">
	<p id="pw3">Please wait...</p> 
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  var dscimurl = 'img/discriminimg.php?species_id=189';
  </script>
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<div id="cie" class="tabcontent">
	<p id="pw4">Please wait...</p> 
  <!-- p>WARNING: Beta.</p -->
  <script>
  var cieimurl = 'img/chromatimg.php?species_id=189';
  var modes = [			0, 			  ];
  var modenm = [		'Photopic', 			  ];
  openTab(false, 'ops');
  </script>
</div>

<div id="script" class="tabcontent">
<textarea style="width: 1050px; height: 400px;">
10001	t1	VSPLIT		Receptor,Rod,Cone
10002	t1	RCPMODE		Rod,1
10003	t1	TSPLIT		Cone,LWS cone,SWS cone
10004	t1	OPSIN		LWS cone,530
10005	t1	TSPLIT		SWS cone,MWS cone,SWS1 cone
10006	t1	OPSIN		SWS1 cone,380
10008	t1	TSPLIT		MWS cone,Rh2 cone,SWS2 cone
10009	t1	OPSIN		SWS2 cone,440
106382	t1	DSCOPP		643,SWS2 cone,SWS1 cone,Rod
106383	t1	DISCOPP		10003,Rh2 cone
106384	t1	CONNOPP		10003,+,Rh2 cone
106385	t1	DSCOPP		10005,Rh2 cone
106386	t1	CONNOPP		10008,+,LWS cone
106387	t1	DSCOPP		10008,SWS2 cone
106388	t1	DISCOPP		10008,Rh2 cone
106389	t1	CONNOPP		10008,-,Rh2 cone
106412	t1	NAMEOPP		643,Luminance (photopic)
106413	t1	NAMEOPP		10001,Luminance (scotopic)
106416	t1	DELOPP		106390
106418	t1	CONNdhgOPP	10003,+,LWS cone
106438	t1	NAMEOPP		10003,Yellow-Blue
106439	t1	NAMEOPP		10005,Blue-UV
106440	t1	NAMEOPP		10008,Red-Green
1335409	t1	RCPACU		Cone,2
1335410	t1	RCPACU		Rod,.5
10007	t478	RCPNAME		Rod-like,Rod
106626	t478	GRADLVL		50
1335402	t478	RCPACU		LWS cone,Rh2 cone,5
1335403	t478	RCPACU		SWS2 cone,SWS1 cone,1
1361559	t478	RCPACU		Rod,2
1561559	t478	RCPACU		Rod,2
106390	t159	VSPLIT		LWS cone,LWS cone,Double cone
106391	t159	SCRPIG		Double cone,408,445,150,2
106392	t159	DSCOPP		643,LWS cone,Rh2 cone
106393	t159	DSCOPP		10003,Double cone
106394	t159	DSCOPP		10008,Double cone
106630	t159	DISCOPP		10003,SWS1 cone
106673	t159	DELOPP		Luminance (photopic)2
106684	t159	DELOPP		106390Luminance (photopic)2
106685	t159	CONNOPP		10003,+,LWS cone
106373	t402	OPSIN		LWS cone,Double cone,565
106374	t402	PORPH		Double cone,LWS cone,Rh2 cone,SWS2 cone,SWS1 cone,Rod,0
106375	t402	SCRPIG		LWS cone,530,600,270,5
106376	t402	OPSIN		Rh2 cone,505
106377	t402	OPSIN		SWS2 cone,440
106378	t402	OPSIN		SWS1 cone,360
106379	t402	SCRPIG		Rh2 cone,475,535,200,3
106380	t402	SCRPIG		SWS2 cone,408,440,100,1
106381	t402	NOSCRPIG	SWS1 cone
106687	t5	DSCOPP		10003,SWS1 cone
106688	t5	DELOPP		106390Yellow-Blue2
106689	t5	RCPNAME		LWS cone,Red cone
106690	t5	RCPNAME		Rh2 cone,Green cone
106691	t5	RCPNAME		SWS2 cone,Blue cone
106692	t5	RCPNAME		SWS1 cone,Vio/UV cone
106728	t5	NAMEOPP		106390,Red-Green
106753	t5	COLOPP		10003,ff0,00f
106754	t5	COLOPP		10005,0ff,f0f
106755	t5	COLOPP		106390,f00,0f0
1351560	t419	ACUITY		8
106674	t96	TSPLIT		Double cone,Double cone principal,Double cone accessory
106675	t96	OPSIN		Double cone principal,535
106678	t96	RCPNAME		SWS2 cone,Blue cone
106679	t96	OPSIN		Green cone,Vio/UV cone,0
106680	t96	OPSIN		Double cone accessory,505
106681	t96	NOSCRPIG	*
106756	t96	RCPNAME		Red cone,Green cone
106757	t96	OPSIN		Green cone,535
106758	t96	CRE8OPP		Double-Single cones,+Double cone principal,-Green cone
1117	s189	OPSIN		Double cone principal,535
1118	s189	OPSIN		Double cone accessory,535|506
1119	s189	OPSIN		Green cone,506
1120	s189	OPSIN		Blue cone,443
1121	s189	OPSIN		Rod,500
1122	s189	SCRPIGR		Double cone principal,0,0
1123	s189	SCRPIGR		Double cone accessory,0,0
1124	s189	SCRPIGR		Green cone,0,0
1125	s189	SCRPIGR		Blue cone,0,0
1126	s189	SCRPIGR		Rod,0,0
</textarea>
</div>

</div>


<div id="links">
<a href="color.php?sp=189">View color of something</a>
| <a href="image_process.php">Process image</a>
| <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Caiman crocodilus&tbm=isch&tbs=sur:fmc" target="_gizoogle">Image Search</a>
</div>

<div class="clear">
&nbsp;
</div>

<div class="cites">
<h3>Notes and References:</h3>
Nagloo N, Collin SP, Hemmi JM, Hart NS (2016)
Spatial resolving power and spectral sensitivity of the saltwater crocodile, <em>Crocodylus porosus</em>, and the freshwater crocodile, <em>Crocodylus johnstoni</em>.
<i>Journal of Experimental Biology</i> 219: 1394-1404; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.135673 " target="_cite">doi:10.1242/jeb.135673 </a><br><br>Warrant E.J., Nilsson D.-E. (1998) Absorption of White Light in Photoreceptors. <i>Vision Res.</i>, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 195-207. PII: S0042-6989(97)00151-X <br><br>Stavenga D., Smits R.P., Hoenders B.J. (1993) Simple Exponential Functions Describing the Absorbance Bands of Visual Pigment Spectra. <i>Vision Res.</i> 33(8) pp. 1011-1017. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(93)90237-Q " target="_cite">doi:10.1016/0042-6989(93)90237-Q </a><br><br> <br><br>
<em>Note: Many species may have gaps in available data, which may be filled in with extrapolations from closely related species.
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