AVIAN

Photoreceptors:

Receptor	Opsin λmax	Filter λmax	Filter λ50%	Recep. λmax
Yellow cone	553nm			553nm
Rod	498nm			498nm
Green cone	492nm			492nm
Blue cone	459nm			460nm

Opponent processes:

Description	(+) Terminus	(-) Terminus	Mode
Luminance (photopic)	Yellow cone Green cone		Photopic
Luminance (scotopic)	Rod		Scotopic
Yellow-Aqua 570nm - 525nm - 479nm	Yellow cone	Green cone	Photopic
Green-Blue 539nm - 495nm - 451nm	Yellow cone Green cone	Blue cone	Photopic

Please wait...

10001	t1	VSPLIT		Receptor,Rod,Cone
10002	t1	RCPMODE		Rod,1
10003	t1	TSPLIT		Cone,LWS cone,SWS cone
10004	t1	OPSIN		LWS cone,530
10005	t1	TSPLIT		SWS cone,MWS cone,SWS1 cone
10006	t1	OPSIN		SWS1 cone,380
10008	t1	TSPLIT		MWS cone,Rh2 cone,SWS2 cone
10009	t1	OPSIN		SWS2 cone,440
106382	t1	DSCOPP		643,SWS2 cone,SWS1 cone,Rod
106383	t1	DISCOPP		10003,Rh2 cone
106384	t1	CONNOPP		10003,+,Rh2 cone
106385	t1	DSCOPP		10005,Rh2 cone
106386	t1	CONNOPP		10008,+,LWS cone
106387	t1	DSCOPP		10008,SWS2 cone
106388	t1	DISCOPP		10008,Rh2 cone
106389	t1	CONNOPP		10008,-,Rh2 cone
106412	t1	NAMEOPP		643,Luminance (photopic)
106413	t1	NAMEOPP		10001,Luminance (scotopic)
106416	t1	DELOPP		106390
106418	t1	CONNdhgOPP	10003,+,LWS cone
106438	t1	NAMEOPP		10003,Yellow-Blue
106439	t1	NAMEOPP		10005,Blue-UV
106440	t1	NAMEOPP		10008,Red-Green
1335409	t1	RCPACU		Cone,2
1335410	t1	RCPACU		Rod,.5
1351307	t160	NOSCRPIG	*
1351308	t160	OPSIN		SWS1 cone,0
1351309	t160	RCPNAME		LWS cone,Yellow cone
1351310	t160	RCPNAME		Rh2 cone,Green cone
1351311	t160	RCPNAME		SWS2 cone,Blue cone
1351578	t160	ACUITY		4
268	s88	OPSIN		Yellow cone,553
269	s88	OPSIN		Green cone,492
270	s88	OPSIN		Blue cone,459
271	s88	OPSIN		Rod,498

Notes and References:

Hart, N. S., Lisney, T. J., Marshall, N. J., Collin, S. P. (2004) Multiple cone visual pigments and the potential for trichromatic colour vision in two species of elasmobranch. Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 4587-4594

Warrant E.J., Nilsson D.-E. (1998) Absorption of White Light in Photoreceptors. Vision Res., Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 195-207. PII: S0042-6989(97)00151-X

Stavenga D., Smits R.P., Hoenders B.J. (1993) Simple Exponential Functions Describing the Absorbance Bands of Visual Pigment Spectra. Vision Res. 33(8) pp. 1011-1017. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(93)90237-Q

Note: Many species may have gaps in available data, which may be filled in with extrapolations from closely related species. The AVIAN website is copyright © 2011-2024 J. Gagnon. All rights reserved unless otherwise specified.

Animal Vision Interactive Analyzer

Eastern shovelnose ray (Aptychotrema rostrata)

Notes and References: