(Metriaclima livingstonii)

Containing taxa: Animalia » Chordata » Osteichthyes » Actinopterygii » Neopterygii » Teleostei » Euteleostei » Neoteleostei » Acanthomorpha » Acanthopterygii » Percomorpha » Carangimorpharia » Ovalentariae » Cichlidae

Photoreceptors:
Receptor Opsin λmax Filter λmax Filter λ50% Recep. λmax
Double cone LWS526nm  526nm
Rod481nm  481nm
Double cone MWS473nm  473nm
SWS1 cone364nm  381nm


Opponent processes:
Description (+) Terminus (-) Terminus Mode
Luminance (photopic)
Double cone LWS
Double cone MWS
  Photopic
Luminance (scotopic)
Rod   Scotopic
Green-Blue (double cones)
545nm - 502nm - 459nm
 
Double cone LWS Double cone MWS Photopic
Aqua-UVA
488nm - 423nm - 381nm
 
Double cone LWS
Double cone MWS
SWS1 cone Photopic

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Notes and References:

Carleton K (2009) Cichlid fish visual systems: mechanisms of spectral tuning. Integrative Zoology 2009 4: 75-86. doi:10.1111/j.1749-4877.2008.00137.x

Hofmann CM, O'Quin KE, Marshall NJ, Carelton KL (2010) The relationship between lens transmission and opsin gene expression in cichlids from Lake Malawi. Vision Research 50: 357-363. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2009.12.004

Warrant E.J., Nilsson D.-E. (1998) Absorption of White Light in Photoreceptors. Vision Res., Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 195-207. PII: S0042-6989(97)00151-X

Stavenga D., Smits R.P., Hoenders B.J. (1993) Simple Exponential Functions Describing the Absorbance Bands of Visual Pigment Spectra. Vision Res. 33(8) pp. 1011-1017. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(93)90237-Q



Note: Many species may have gaps in available data, which may be filled in with extrapolations from closely related species. The AVIAN website is copyright © 2011-2024 J. Gagnon. All rights reserved unless otherwise specified.