Gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)

Containing taxa: Animalia » Chordata » Osteichthyes » Sarcopterygii » Tetrapoda » Mammalia » Eutheria » Euarchontoglires » Glires » Rodentia » Sciuromorpha

Photoreceptors:
Receptor Opsin λmax Filter λmax Filter λ50% Recep. λmax
Green cone532nm  532nm
Rod-like cone500nm  501nm
Blue cone440nm  458nm


Opponent processes:
Description (+) Terminus (-) Terminus Mode
Luminance (photopic)
Green cone   Photopic
Luminance (scotopic)
Rod-like cone   Photopic
Cones-Rods
564nm - 524nm - 483nm
 
Green cone Rod-like cone Photopic
Green-Blue
537nm - 494nm - 455nm
 
Green cone Blue cone
(Rod-like cone)
Photopic

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Notes and References:

Yokoyama, S. & Radlwimmer, F. B. (1998) The "Five-Sites" Rule and the Evolution of Red and Green Color Vision in Mammals. Mol. Biol. Evol. 15(5):560-567. ISSN: 0737-4038

Carvalho, L.d.S., Cowing, J.A., Wilkie, S.E., Bowmaker, J.K., Hunt, D.M. (2006) Shortwave visual sensitivity in tree and flying squirrels reflects changes in lifestyle. Current Biology Volume 16, Issue 3, pR81-R83, 7 February 2006. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.01.045

Douglas R.H., Jeffrey G. (2014) The spectral transmission of ocular media suggests ultraviolet sensitivity is widespread among mammals. Proc Roy Soc B 281(1780) doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.2995

Ghim MM, Hodos W (2006) Spatial contrast sensitivity of birds. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol. 192(5):523-34. doi:10.1007/s00359-005-0090-5

Srinivasan, S., Carlo, C. N., & Stevens, C. F. (2015). Predicting visual acuity from the structure of visual cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112(25), 7815-7820.

Warrant E.J., Nilsson D.-E. (1998) Absorption of White Light in Photoreceptors. Vision Res., Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 195-207. PII: S0042-6989(97)00151-X

Stavenga D., Smits R.P., Hoenders B.J. (1993) Simple Exponential Functions Describing the Absorbance Bands of Visual Pigment Spectra. Vision Res. 33(8) pp. 1011-1017. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(93)90237-Q



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