Giant shovelnose ray (Rhinobatos typus)

Containing taxa: Animalia » Chordata » Chondrichthyes » Elasmobranchii » Batoidea

Photoreceptors:
Receptor Opsin λmax Filter λmax Filter λ50% Recep. λmax
Yellow cone561nm  561nm
Rod504nm  504nm
Green cone502nm  502nm
Blue cone477nm  477nm


Opponent processes:
Description (+) Terminus (-) Terminus Mode
Luminance (photopic)
Yellow cone
Green cone
  Photopic
Luminance (scotopic)
Rod   Scotopic
Yellow-Aqua
580nm - 534nm - 488nm
 
Yellow cone Green cone Photopic
Green-Blue
556nm - 511nm - 465nm
 
Yellow cone
Green cone
Blue cone Photopic

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Notes and References:

Hart, N. S., Lisney, T. J., Marshall, N. J., Collin, S. P. (2004) Multiple cone visual pigments and the potential for trichromatic colour vision in two species of elasmobranch. Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 4587-4594

Siebeck U.E., Marshall N.J. (1999) Ocular media transmission of coral reef fish - can coral reef fish see ultraviolet light? Vision Research 41 (2001) 133 - 149.

Warrant E.J., Nilsson D.-E. (1998) Absorption of White Light in Photoreceptors. Vision Res., Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 195-207. PII: S0042-6989(97)00151-X

Stavenga D., Smits R.P., Hoenders B.J. (1993) Simple Exponential Functions Describing the Absorbance Bands of Visual Pigment Spectra. Vision Res. 33(8) pp. 1011-1017. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(93)90237-Q



Note: Many species may have gaps in available data, which may be filled in with extrapolations from closely related species. The AVIAN website is copyright © 2011-2024 J. Gagnon. All rights reserved unless otherwise specified.