AVIAN

Photoreceptors:

Receptor	Opsin λmax	Filter λmax	Filter λ50%	Recep. λmax
Double cone LWS	619nm			619nm
Rod	541nm			541nm
Double cone MWS	538nm			538nm
SWS2 cone	448nm			448nm

Opponent processes:

Description	(+) Terminus	(-) Terminus	Mode
Luminance (photopic)	Double cone LWS Double cone MWS		Photopic
Luminance (scotopic)	Rod		Scotopic
Red-Green 643nm - 582nm - 527nm	Double cone LWS	Double cone MWS	Photopic
Lime-Blue 568nm - 505nm - 447nm	Double cone LWS Double cone MWS	SWS2 cone	Photopic

Please wait...

10001	t1	VSPLIT		Receptor,Rod,Cone
10002	t1	RCPMODE		Rod,1
10003	t1	TSPLIT		Cone,LWS cone,SWS cone
10004	t1	OPSIN		LWS cone,530
10005	t1	TSPLIT		SWS cone,MWS cone,SWS1 cone
10006	t1	OPSIN		SWS1 cone,380
10008	t1	TSPLIT		MWS cone,Rh2 cone,SWS2 cone
10009	t1	OPSIN		SWS2 cone,440
106382	t1	DSCOPP		643,SWS2 cone,SWS1 cone,Rod
106383	t1	DISCOPP		10003,Rh2 cone
106384	t1	CONNOPP		10003,+,Rh2 cone
106385	t1	DSCOPP		10005,Rh2 cone
106386	t1	CONNOPP		10008,+,LWS cone
106387	t1	DSCOPP		10008,SWS2 cone
106388	t1	DISCOPP		10008,Rh2 cone
106389	t1	CONNOPP		10008,-,Rh2 cone
106412	t1	NAMEOPP		643,Luminance (photopic)
106413	t1	NAMEOPP		10001,Luminance (scotopic)
106416	t1	DELOPP		106390
106418	t1	CONNdhgOPP	10003,+,LWS cone
106438	t1	NAMEOPP		10003,Yellow-Blue
106439	t1	NAMEOPP		10005,Blue-UV
106440	t1	NAMEOPP		10008,Red-Green
1335409	t1	RCPACU		Cone,2
1335410	t1	RCPACU		Rod,.5
10007	t478	RCPNAME		Rod-like,Rod
106626	t478	GRADLVL		50
1335402	t478	RCPACU		LWS cone,Rh2 cone,5
1335403	t478	RCPACU		SWS2 cone,SWS1 cone,1
1361559	t478	RCPACU		Rod,2
1561559	t478	RCPACU		Rod,2
10109	t2	OPSIN		LWS cone,620
10110	t2	PORPH		LWS cone,Rh2 cone,SWS2 cone,SWS1 cone,Rod,1
10114	t2	OPSIN		Rh2 cone,525
106435	t2	RCPNAME		LWS cone,Double cone LWS
106436	t2	RCPNAME		Rh2 cone,Double cone MWS
106437	t2	OPSIN		Double cone,0
106441	t124	OPSIN		SWS1 cone,0
106442	t124	RCPNAME		DoubleP,Double cone LWS
106443	t124	RCPNAME		DoubleA,Double cone MWS
257	s84	OPSIN		Double cone LWS,619
258	s84	OPSIN		Double cone MWS,538
259	s84	OPSIN		LWS cone,0
260	s84	OPSIN		Rh2 cone,0
261	s84	OPSIN		SWS2 cone,448
262	s84	OPSIN		SWS1 cone,0
263	s84	OPSIN		Rod,541
4505	s84	PORPH		Double cone LWS,1
4506	s84	PORPH		Double cone MWS,1
4507	s84	PORPH		LWS cone,1
4508	s84	PORPH		Rh2 cone,1
4509	s84	PORPH		SWS2 cone,1
4510	s84	PORPH		SWS1 cone,1
4511	s84	PORPH		Rod,1

Notes and References:

Sillman, A. J., Ong, E. K., & Loew, E. R. (2007). Spectral absorbance, structure, and population density of photoreceptors in the retina of the lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens). Canadian journal of zoology, 85(4), 584-587.

Warrant E.J., Nilsson D.-E. (1998) Absorption of White Light in Photoreceptors. Vision Res., Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 195-207. PII: S0042-6989(97)00151-X

Stavenga D., Smits R.P., Hoenders B.J. (1993) Simple Exponential Functions Describing the Absorbance Bands of Visual Pigment Spectra. Vision Res. 33(8) pp. 1011-1017. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(93)90237-Q

Note: Many species may have gaps in available data, which may be filled in with extrapolations from closely related species. The AVIAN website is copyright © 2011-2024 J. Gagnon. All rights reserved unless otherwise specified.

Animal Vision Interactive Analyzer

Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens)

Notes and References: