<!-- VSPLIT cloning Luminance... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +Cone from Luminance2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- Connecting +Rh2 cone to LWS cone - SWS cone -->
<!-- Connecting +LWS cone to Rh2 cone - SWS2 cone -->
<!-- Connecting -Rh2 cone to Rh2 cone - SWS2 cone -->
<!-- UNKNOWN OPCODE CONNDHGOPP in `finetune` -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Luminance (photopic)... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +LWS cone from Luminance (photopic)2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Yellow-Blue... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +LWS cone from Yellow-Blue2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Red-Green... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +LWS cone from Red-Green2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Luminance (photopic)... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +Rh2 cone from Luminance (photopic)2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Yellow-Blue... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +Rh2 cone from Yellow-Blue2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Red-Green... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting -Rh2 cone from Red-Green2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Luminance (photopic)2... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +Rh2 cone from Luminance (photopic)22 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Yellow-Blue2... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +Rh2 cone from Yellow-Blue22 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Red-Green2... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting -Rh2 cone from Red-Green22 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- DELOPP Luminance (photopic)2 -->
<!-- DELOPP Yellow-Blue2 -->
<!-- DELOPP Red-Green2 -->
<!-- DELOPP Luminance (photopic)2 -->
<!-- DELOPP Yellow-Blue2 -->
<!-- DELOPP Red-Green2 -->
<!-- DELOPP Luminance (photopic)22 -->
<!-- DELOPP Yellow-Blue22 -->
<!-- DELOPP Red-Green22 -->
<!-- Connecting +Double cone LWS to Yellow-Blue -->
<!-- Connecting +Double cone MWS to Yellow-Blue -->
<!-- Connecting +Double cone LWS to Luminance (photopic) -->
<!-- Connecting +Double cone MWS to Luminance (photopic) -->
<!-- Rod acuity times 2.0454545454545 is now 45. -->
<!-- SWS2 cone acuity times 2.0454545454545 is now 90. -->
<!-- Double cone LWS acuity times 2.0454545454545 is now 18. -->
<!-- Double cone MWS acuity times 2.0454545454545 is now 18. -->
<!-- Luminance (photopic) (643) has +Double cone LWS -->
<!-- oppoacup 18 from Double cone LWS -->
<!-- Luminance (photopic) (643) has +Double cone MWS -->
<!-- Luminance (photopic): Array
(
    [0] => 0
)
 -->
<!-- Luminance (photopic) mode = 0 -->
<!-- Luminance (photopic) acuity is 18 based on +18, -0 -->
<!-- Luminance (scotopic) (10001) has +Rod -->
<!-- oppoacup 45 from Rod -->
<!-- Luminance (scotopic): Array
(
    [0] => 1
)
 -->
<!-- Luminance (scotopic) mode = 1 -->
<!-- Luminance (scotopic) acuity is 45 based on +45, -0 -->
<!-- Yellow-Blue (10003) has +Double cone LWS -->
<!-- oppoacup 18 from Double cone LWS -->
<!-- Yellow-Blue (10003) has +Double cone MWS -->
<!-- Yellow-Blue (10003) has -SWS2 cone -->
<!-- oppoacum 90 from SWS2 cone -->
<!-- Yellow-Blue: Array
(
    [0] => 0
)
 -->
<!-- Yellow-Blue mode = 0 -->
<!-- Yellow-Blue acuity is 90 based on +18, -90 -->
<!-- Blue-UV (10005) has +SWS2 cone -->
<!-- oppoacup 90 from SWS2 cone -->
<!-- Blue-UV: Array
(
    [0] => 0
)
 -->
<!-- Blue-UV mode = 0 -->
<!-- Blue-UV acuity is 90 based on +90, -0 -->
<!-- deleted Red-Green no plusreceps -->
<!-- Red-Green (double cones) (106462) has +Double cone LWS -->
<!-- oppoacup 18 from Double cone LWS -->
<!-- Red-Green (double cones) (106462) has -Double cone MWS -->
<!-- oppoacum 18 from Double cone MWS -->
<!-- Red-Green (double cones): Array
(
    [0] => 0
)
 -->
<!-- Red-Green (double cones) mode = 0 -->
<!-- Red-Green (double cones) acuity is 18 based on +18, -18 -->
<!-- Double-Single cones (106468) has +Double cone LWS -->
<!-- oppoacup 18 from Double cone LWS -->
<!-- Double-Single cones (106468) has +Double cone MWS -->
<!-- Double-Single cones: Array
(
    [0] => 0
)
 -->
<!-- Double-Single cones mode = 0 -->
<!-- Double-Single cones acuity is 18 based on +18, -0 -->
<!-- Opp Luminance (photopic) pl/ml ranges: 525, 0 -->
<!-- Opp Luminance (scotopic) pl/ml ranges: 498, 0 -->
<!-- Opp Yellow-Blue pl/ml ranges: 570, 437 -->
<!-- unset Blue-UV: no minusrecep and not luminance -->
<!-- Opp Red-Green (double cones) pl/ml ranges: 627, 491 -->
<!-- unset Double-Single cones: no minusrecep and not luminance -->
<!-- yellow at 545 nm. -->
<!-- blue at 412 nm. -->
<!-- red at 627 nm. -->
<!-- green at 493 nm. -->
<!-- Photopic: 0 [, Green-Blue, Yellow-Cyan (double cones), ] -->
<!-- Scotopic: 1 [, ] -->
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<h4 id="subtitle">Animal Vision Interactive Analyzer</h4>
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<!-- Luminance (photopic): plmax 533(525); zero 0; mlmax 0(0) -->
<!-- Luminance (scotopic): plmax 510(498); zero 0; mlmax 0(0) -->
<!-- Yellow-Cyan (double cones): plmax 590(627); zero 545; mlmax 499(493) -->
<!-- Green-Blue: plmax 541(545); zero 493; mlmax 445(412) -->
<div id="specieshdr">
<h3>Blueback herring (<i>Alosa aestevalis</i>)</h3>

<p><!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '443' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '127' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '442' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '2' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '478' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '1' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '0' -->
Containing taxa: <a href="index.php?node=0">Animalia</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=1">Chordata</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=478">Osteichthyes</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=2">Actinopterygii</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=442">Neopterygii</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=127">Teleostei</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=443">Otocephala</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=326">Clupeiformes</a></p>


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<div id="opsinopp">
<div id="opsins">
Photoreceptors:
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="503">
    <tr class="tblheader">
        <td width=40%>Receptor</td>
        <td width=20%>Opsin&nbsp;&lambda;max</td>
        <td width=20%>Filter&nbsp;&lambda;max</td>
        <td width=20%>Filter&nbsp;&lambda;50%</td>
        <td width=20%>Recep.&nbsp;&lambda;max</td>
    </tr>
<tr><td nowrap>Double cone LWS</td><td>566nm</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>566nm</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap>Double cone MWS</td><td>517nm</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>517nm</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap>Rod</td><td>510nm</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>510nm</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap>SWS2 cone</td><td>447nm</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>449nm</td></tr>
</table>

<!-- acria oino -->
</div>

<br><br>

<div id="opponents">
Opponent processes:
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="503">
    <tr class="tblheader">
        <td width=40%>Description</td>
        <td width=25%>(+) Terminus</td>
        <td width=25%>(-) Terminus</td>
        <td width=10%>Mode</td>
    </tr>
<tr>
            <td valign=top>Luminance (photopic)<br>
			            <!-- : 1.3928445215046 - 1 -->
            </td>
            <td valign=top style="background-color: #111; color: #ffffff;">Double cone LWS<br>Double cone MWS</td>
            <td valign=top style="background-color: #111; color: #000000;">&nbsp;</td>
            <td>Photopic</td>
          </tr>
        <tr>
            <td valign=top>Luminance (scotopic)<br>
			            <!-- : 1.1057711477324 - 1 -->
            </td>
            <td valign=top style="background-color: #111; color: #ffffff;">Rod</td>
            <td valign=top style="background-color: #111; color: #000000;">&nbsp;</td>
            <td>Scotopic</td>
          </tr>
        <tr>
            <td valign=top>Yellow-Cyan (double cones)<br>
			590nm - 545nm - 499nm<br>&nbsp;            <!-- : 1.9515016933518 - 2.1228544633445 -->
            </td>
            <td valign=top style="background-color: #111; color: #ff0023;">Double cone LWS</td>
            <td valign=top style="background-color: #111; color: #00ffd2;">Double cone MWS</td>
            <td>Photopic</td>
          </tr>
        <tr>
            <td valign=top>Green-Blue<br>
			541nm - 493nm - 445nm<br>&nbsp;            <!-- : 1.4475295394795 - 0.99290168535264 -->
            </td>
            <td valign=top style="background-color: #111; color: #75ff00;">Double cone LWS<br>Double cone MWS</td>
            <td valign=top style="background-color: #111; color: #7500ff;">SWS2 cone</td>
            <td>Photopic</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
</div>
</div>


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  <button class="tablinks active" onclick="openTab(event, 'ops')">Photoreceptor Curves</button>
  <button class="tablinks" onclick="openTab(event, 'opp')">Opponency Curves</button>
  <button class="tablinks" onclick="openTab(event, 'dsc')">Wavelength Discrimination</button>
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  <!-- p>WARNING: Beta.</p -->
  <script>
  var cieimurl = 'img/chromatimg.php?species_id=760';
  var modes = [			0, 			  ];
  var modenm = [		'Photopic', 			  ];
  openTab(false, 'ops');
  </script>
</div>

<div id="script" class="tabcontent">
<textarea style="width: 1050px; height: 400px;">
10001	t1	VSPLIT		Receptor,Rod,Cone
10002	t1	RCPMODE		Rod,1
10003	t1	TSPLIT		Cone,LWS cone,SWS cone
10004	t1	OPSIN		LWS cone,530
10005	t1	TSPLIT		SWS cone,MWS cone,SWS1 cone
10006	t1	OPSIN		SWS1 cone,380
10008	t1	TSPLIT		MWS cone,Rh2 cone,SWS2 cone
10009	t1	OPSIN		SWS2 cone,440
106382	t1	DSCOPP		643,SWS2 cone,SWS1 cone,Rod
106383	t1	DISCOPP		10003,Rh2 cone
106384	t1	CONNOPP		10003,+,Rh2 cone
106385	t1	DSCOPP		10005,Rh2 cone
106386	t1	CONNOPP		10008,+,LWS cone
106387	t1	DSCOPP		10008,SWS2 cone
106388	t1	DISCOPP		10008,Rh2 cone
106389	t1	CONNOPP		10008,-,Rh2 cone
106412	t1	NAMEOPP		643,Luminance (photopic)
106413	t1	NAMEOPP		10001,Luminance (scotopic)
106416	t1	DELOPP		106390
106418	t1	CONNdhgOPP	10003,+,LWS cone
106438	t1	NAMEOPP		10003,Yellow-Blue
106439	t1	NAMEOPP		10005,Blue-UV
106440	t1	NAMEOPP		10008,Red-Green
1335409	t1	RCPACU		Cone,2
1335410	t1	RCPACU		Rod,.5
10007	t478	RCPNAME		Rod-like,Rod
106626	t478	GRADLVL		50
1335402	t478	RCPACU		LWS cone,Rh2 cone,5
1335403	t478	RCPACU		SWS2 cone,SWS1 cone,1
1361559	t478	RCPACU		Rod,2
1561559	t478	RCPACU		Rod,2
10109	t2	OPSIN		LWS cone,620
10110	t2	PORPH		LWS cone,Rh2 cone,SWS2 cone,SWS1 cone,Rod,1
10114	t2	OPSIN		Rh2 cone,525
106435	t2	RCPNAME		LWS cone,Double cone LWS
106436	t2	RCPNAME		Rh2 cone,Double cone MWS
106437	t2	OPSIN		Double cone,0
106449	t127	VSPLIT		Double cone LWS,Double cone LWS,LWS cone
106453	t127	VSPLIT		Double cone MWS,Double cone MWS,Rh2 cone
106454	t127	DELOPP		106449,106453
106461	t127	CONNOPP		10003,+,Double cone LWS,Double cone MWS
106462	t127	CRE8OPP		Red-Green (double cones),+Double cone LWS,-Double cone MWS
106468	t127	CRE8OPP		Double-Single cones,+Double cone LWS,+Double cone MWS,-LWS cone,-Rh2 cone
106514	t127	CONNOPP		643,+,Double cone LWS,Double cone MWS
1351575	t443	ACUITY		1
4268	s760	OPSIN		Double cone LWS,566
4269	s760	OPSIN		Double cone MWS,517
4270	s760	OPSIN		LWS cone,0
4271	s760	OPSIN		Rh2 cone,0
4272	s760	OPSIN		SWS2 cone,447
4273	s760	OPSIN		SWS1 cone,0
4274	s760	OPSIN		Rod,510
6274	s760	PORPH		Double cone LWS,0
6275	s760	PORPH		Double cone MWS,0
6276	s760	PORPH		LWS cone,0
6277	s760	PORPH		Rh2 cone,0
6278	s760	PORPH		SWS2 cone,0
6279	s760	PORPH		SWS1 cone,0
6280	s760	PORPH		Rod,0
</textarea>
</div>

</div>


<div id="links">
<a href="color.php?sp=760">View color of something</a>
| <a href="image_process.php">Process image</a>
| <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Alosa aestevalis&tbm=isch&tbs=sur:fmc" target="_gizoogle">Image Search</a>
</div>

<div class="clear">
&nbsp;
</div>

<div class="cites">
<h3>Notes and References:</h3>
Flamarique, I. N., & Harosi, F. I. (1999). 
Photoreceptor pigments of the blueback herring (<em>Alosa aestevalis</em>, Clupeidae) and the Atlantic silverside (<em>Menidia menidia</em>, Atherinidae). 
<i>The Biological Bulletin</i>, 197(2), 235-236. <br><br>Warrant E.J., Nilsson D.-E. (1998) Absorption of White Light in Photoreceptors. <i>Vision Res.</i>, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 195-207. PII: S0042-6989(97)00151-X <br><br>Stavenga D., Smits R.P., Hoenders B.J. (1993) Simple Exponential Functions Describing the Absorbance Bands of Visual Pigment Spectra. <i>Vision Res.</i> 33(8) pp. 1011-1017. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(93)90237-Q " target="_cite">doi:10.1016/0042-6989(93)90237-Q </a><br><br> <br><br>
<em>Note: Many species may have gaps in available data, which may be filled in with extrapolations from closely related species.
The AVIAN website is copyright &copy; 2011-2024 J. Gagnon. All rights reserved unless otherwise specified.
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