(Corvus sp.)

Containing taxa: Animalia » Chordata » Osteichthyes » Sarcopterygii » Tetrapoda » Diapsida » Archosauria » Aves » Neoaves » Passeriformes » Corvidae

Photoreceptors:
Receptor Opsin λmax Filter λmax Filter λ50% Recep. λmax
Red cone565nm530nm600nm609nm
Double cone565nm408nm445nm565nm
Green cone497nm475nm535nm542nm
Rod504nm  504nm
Blue cone440nm408nm440nm457nm
Vio/UV cone407nm  410nm


Opponent processes:
Description (+) Terminus (-) Terminus Mode
Luminance (photopic)
Double cone   Photopic
Luminance (scotopic)
Rod   Scotopic
Red-Green
610nm - 584nm - 542nm
 
Red cone Green cone Photopic
Green-Blue
542nm - 517nm - 457nm
 
Green cone
Red cone
Blue cone Photopic
Blue-UV
462nm - 437nm - 410nm
 
Blue cone Vio/UV cone Photopic

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Notes and References:

Hart, N. S. (2001) The Visual Ecology of Avian Photoreceptors. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 675 to 703, 2001

Ödeen A, Håstad O (2003) Complex Distribution of Avian Color Vision Systems Revealed by Sequencing the SWS1 Opsin from Total DNA. Molecular Biology and Evolution 20(6): 855–861. doi:10.1093/molbev/msg108

Lind O., Mitkus M., Olsson P., Kelber A. (2013) Ultraviolet vision in birds: the importance of transparent eye media. Proc. R. Soc. B 281: 20132209. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.2209

Warrant E.J., Nilsson D.-E. (1998) Absorption of White Light in Photoreceptors. Vision Res., Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 195-207. PII: S0042-6989(97)00151-X

Stavenga D., Smits R.P., Hoenders B.J. (1993) Simple Exponential Functions Describing the Absorbance Bands of Visual Pigment Spectra. Vision Res. 33(8) pp. 1011-1017. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(93)90237-Q



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