AVIAN

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10001	t1	VSPLIT		Receptor,Rod,Cone
10002	t1	RCPMODE		Rod,1
10003	t1	TSPLIT		Cone,LWS cone,SWS cone
10004	t1	OPSIN		LWS cone,530
10005	t1	TSPLIT		SWS cone,MWS cone,SWS1 cone
10006	t1	OPSIN		SWS1 cone,380
10008	t1	TSPLIT		MWS cone,Rh2 cone,SWS2 cone
10009	t1	OPSIN		SWS2 cone,440
106382	t1	DSCOPP		643,SWS2 cone,SWS1 cone,Rod
106383	t1	DISCOPP		10003,Rh2 cone
106384	t1	CONNOPP		10003,+,Rh2 cone
106385	t1	DSCOPP		10005,Rh2 cone
106386	t1	CONNOPP		10008,+,LWS cone
106387	t1	DSCOPP		10008,SWS2 cone
106388	t1	DISCOPP		10008,Rh2 cone
106389	t1	CONNOPP		10008,-,Rh2 cone
106412	t1	NAMEOPP		643,Luminance (photopic)
106413	t1	NAMEOPP		10001,Luminance (scotopic)
106416	t1	DELOPP		106390
106418	t1	CONNdhgOPP	10003,+,LWS cone
106438	t1	NAMEOPP		10003,Yellow-Blue
106439	t1	NAMEOPP		10005,Blue-UV
106440	t1	NAMEOPP		10008,Red-Green
1335409	t1	RCPACU		Cone,2
1335410	t1	RCPACU		Rod,.5
10007	t478	RCPNAME		Rod-like,Rod
106626	t478	GRADLVL		50
1335402	t478	RCPACU		LWS cone,Rh2 cone,5
1335403	t478	RCPACU		SWS2 cone,SWS1 cone,1
1361559	t478	RCPACU		Rod,2
1561559	t478	RCPACU		Rod,2
106390	t159	VSPLIT		LWS cone,LWS cone,Double cone
106391	t159	SCRPIG		Double cone,408,445,150,2
106392	t159	DSCOPP		643,LWS cone,Rh2 cone
106393	t159	DSCOPP		10003,Double cone
106394	t159	DSCOPP		10008,Double cone
106630	t159	DISCOPP		10003,SWS1 cone
106673	t159	DELOPP		Luminance (photopic)2
106684	t159	DELOPP		106390Luminance (photopic)2
106685	t159	CONNOPP		10003,+,LWS cone
106373	t402	OPSIN		LWS cone,Double cone,565
106374	t402	PORPH		Double cone,LWS cone,Rh2 cone,SWS2 cone,SWS1 cone,Rod,0
106375	t402	SCRPIG		LWS cone,530,600,270,5
106376	t402	OPSIN		Rh2 cone,505
106377	t402	OPSIN		SWS2 cone,440
106378	t402	OPSIN		SWS1 cone,360
106379	t402	SCRPIG		Rh2 cone,475,535,200,3
106380	t402	SCRPIG		SWS2 cone,408,440,100,1
106381	t402	NOSCRPIG	SWS1 cone
106632	t3	TSPLIT		Rod,Red rod,Green rod
106633	t3	OPSIN		Green rod,440
106635	t3	NOSCRPIG	LWS cone,Rh2 cone,SWS2 cone,SWS1 cone
106636	t3	CONNOPP		643,+,LWS cone
106641	t3	DISCOPP		10001,Green rod
1351525	t3	OPSIN		Double cone,0
1351565	t3	ACUITY		3
1561562	t3	RCPACU		Green rod,.3
106640	t121	CONNOPP		10003,-,SWS1 cone
1561561	t121	ACUITY		2.5
3698	s642	OPSIN		Red rod,502
3699	s642	OPSIN		Green rod,432
3700	s642	OPSIN		LWS cone,575
3701	s642	OPSIN		Rh2 cone,502
3702	s642	OPSIN		SWS2 cone,0
3703	s642	OPSIN		SWS1 cone,0
1351696	s642	ACUITY		2.8

Notes and References:

Liebman P.A., Entine G. (1968) Visual pigments of frog and tadpole (Rana pipiens). Vision Research 8(7): 761-775. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(68)90128-4

Aho, AC. (1996) The Visual Acuity of the Frog (Rana pipiens). J Comp Physiol A 180: 19. doi:10.1007/s003590050023

Warrant E.J., Nilsson D.-E. (1998) Absorption of White Light in Photoreceptors. Vision Res., Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 195-207. PII: S0042-6989(97)00151-X

Stavenga D., Smits R.P., Hoenders B.J. (1993) Simple Exponential Functions Describing the Absorbance Bands of Visual Pigment Spectra. Vision Res. 33(8) pp. 1011-1017. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(93)90237-Q

Note: Many species may have gaps in available data, which may be filled in with extrapolations from closely related species. The AVIAN website is copyright © 2011-2024 J. Gagnon. All rights reserved unless otherwise specified.

Receptor	Opsin λmax	Filter λmax	Filter λ50%	Recep. λmax
LWS cone	575nm			575nm
Red rod	502nm			502nm
Rh2 cone	502nm			502nm
Green rod	432nm			437nm

Description	(+) Terminus	(-) Terminus	Mode
Luminance (photopic)	LWS cone		Photopic
Luminance (scotopic)	Red rod		Scotopic
Yellow-Cyan 588nm - 540nm - 491nm	LWS cone	Rh2 cone	Photopic
Red rod - Green rod 512nm - 472nm - 431nm	Red rod	Green rod	Scotopic

Animal Vision Interactive Analyzer

Northern leopard frog (adult) (Rana pipiens)

Notes and References: