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Notes and References:

The presence of a screening pigment on the LWS receptor is indicated in the literature. Its spectral properties are not given, so here they are extrapolated from related animals in the same taxonomic family.

Briscoe A.D. (2008) Review: Reconstructing the ancestral butterfly eye: focus on the opsins. J. Exp. Biol. 211:1805-1813. doi:10.1242/jeb.013045

Blackiston D., Briscoe A.D., Weiss M.R. (2011) Color vision and learning in the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus (Nymphalidae). J. Exp. Biol. 214:509-520

Warrant E.J., Nilsson D.-E. (1998) Absorption of White Light in Photoreceptors. Vision Res., Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 195-207. PII: S0042-6989(97)00151-X

Stavenga D., Smits R.P., Hoenders B.J. (1993) Simple Exponential Functions Describing the Absorbance Bands of Visual Pigment Spectra. Vision Res. 33(8) pp. 1011-1017. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(93)90237-Q



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