Ground beetle (Carabus nemoralis)

Containing taxa: Animalia » Arthropoda » Pancrustacea » Insecta » Endopterygota » Coleoptera » Carabidae

Photoreceptors:
Receptor Opsin λmax Filter λmax Filter λ50% Recep. λmax
Red Receptor620nm500nm600nm634nm
Green receptor500nm  500nm
Blue receptor430nm  430nm
UV receptor348nm  347nm


Opponent processes:
Description (+) Terminus (-) Terminus Mode
Luminance
 Green receptor
Red Receptor		   Photopic
Red Receptor - Green receptor
634nm - 568nm - 500nm
  		Red Receptor Green receptor Photopic
Yellow-Indigo
634nm - 477nm - 426nm
  		Green receptor
Red Receptor		 Blue receptor Photopic
Red-UVA
634nm - 408nm - 346nm
  		Green receptor
Red Receptor		 UV receptor Photopic

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Notes and References:

Briscoe, A. D. & Chittka, L. (2001) The Evolution of Color Vision in Insects. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2001. 46:471-510

Warrant E.J., Nilsson D.-E. (1998) Absorption of White Light in Photoreceptors. Vision Res., Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 195-207. PII: S0042-6989(97)00151-X

Stavenga D., Smits R.P., Hoenders B.J. (1993) Simple Exponential Functions Describing the Absorbance Bands of Visual Pigment Spectra. Vision Res. 33(8) pp. 1011-1017. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(93)90237-Q



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