Swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri)

Containing taxa: Animalia » Chordata » Osteichthyes » Actinopterygii » Neopterygii » Teleostei » Euteleostei » Neoteleostei » Acanthomorpha » Acanthopterygii » Percomorpha » Carangimorpharia » Ovalentariae » Cyprinodontiformes » Poeciliidae

Photoreceptors:
Receptor Opsin λmax Filter λmax Filter λ50% Recep. λmax
Twin cone P568nm  568nm
DoubleP568,534nm548nm
Twin cone A534nm  534nm
Rod503nm  503nm
DoubleA459nm459nm
SWS2a cone405nm405nm
SWS1 cone365nm  368nm


Opponent processes:
Description (+) Terminus (-) Terminus Mode
Luminance (photopic)
DoubleP
DoubleA
Twin cone P
Twin cone A
  Photopic
Luminance (scotopic)
Rod   Scotopic
Orange-Teal (twin cones)
600nm - 555nm - 510nm
 
Twin cone P Twin cone A Photopic
Lime-Blue (double cones)
554nm - 502nm - 454nm
 
DoubleP DoubleA Photopic
Green-UVA
544nm - 441nm - 375nm
 
DoubleP
DoubleA
Twin cone P
Twin cone A
SWS1 cone
SWS2a cone
Photopic
Indigo-UV
422nm - 393nm - 362nm
 
SWS2a cone SWS1 cone Photopic

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Notes and References:

Warrant E.J., Nilsson D.-E. (1998) Absorption of White Light in Photoreceptors. Vision Res., Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 195-207. PII: S0042-6989(97)00151-X

Stavenga D., Smits R.P., Hoenders B.J. (1993) Simple Exponential Functions Describing the Absorbance Bands of Visual Pigment Spectra. Vision Res. 33(8) pp. 1011-1017. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(93)90237-Q



Note: Many species may have gaps in available data, which may be filled in with extrapolations from closely related species. The AVIAN website is copyright © 2011-2024 J. Gagnon. All rights reserved unless otherwise specified.