Lake Malawi Mbuna (Pseudotropheus acei)

Containing taxa: Animalia » Chordata » Osteichthyes » Actinopterygii » Neopterygii » Teleostei » Euteleostei » Neoteleostei » Acanthomorpha » Acanthopterygii » Percomorpha » Carangimorpharia » Ovalentariae » Cichlidae

Photoreceptors:
Receptor Opsin λmax Filter λmax Filter λ50% Recep. λmax
LWS cone566nm  566nm
Double cone LWS565nm  565nm
Rh2 cone534nm  534nm
Rod505nm  505nm
Double cone MWS499nm  499nm
SWS2 cone430nm  430nm
SWS1 cone378nm  379nm


Opponent processes:
Description (+) Terminus (-) Terminus Mode
Luminance (photopic)
LWS cone
Rh2 cone
Double cone LWS
Double cone MWS
  Photopic
Luminance (scotopic)
Rod   Scotopic
Orange-Teal
599nm - 554nm - 509nm
 
LWS cone Rh2 cone Photopic
Yellow-Aqua (double cones)
580nm - 533nm - 486nm
 
Double cone LWS Double cone MWS Photopic
Green-UV
536nm - 465nm - 388nm
 
LWS cone
Rh2 cone
Double cone LWS
Double cone MWS
SWS1 cone
SWS2 cone
Photopic
Blue-UV
442nm - 408nm - 374nm
 
SWS2 cone SWS1 cone Photopic

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Notes and References:

Bowmaker J.K. (2008) Evolution of vertebrate visual pigments. Vision Research 48 (2008) 2022-2041

Parry, J. W., Carleton, K. L., Spady, T., Carboo, A., Hunt, D. M., & Bowmaker, J. K. (2005). Mix and match color vision: tuning spectral sensitivity by differential opsin gene expression in Lake Malawi cichlids. Current Biology, 15(19), 1734-1739.

Warrant E.J., Nilsson D.-E. (1998) Absorption of White Light in Photoreceptors. Vision Res., Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 195-207. PII: S0042-6989(97)00151-X

Stavenga D., Smits R.P., Hoenders B.J. (1993) Simple Exponential Functions Describing the Absorbance Bands of Visual Pigment Spectra. Vision Res. 33(8) pp. 1011-1017. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(93)90237-Q



Note: Many species may have gaps in available data, which may be filled in with extrapolations from closely related species. The AVIAN website is copyright © 2011-2024 J. Gagnon. All rights reserved unless otherwise specified.