Flying fox (Pteropus dasymallus formosus)

Containing taxa: Animalia » Chordata » Osteichthyes » Sarcopterygii » Tetrapoda » Mammalia » Eutheria » Laurasiatheria » Chiroptera » Pteropodidae

Photoreceptors:
Receptor Opsin λmax Filter λmax Filter λ50% Recep. λmax
Yellow cone552nm  552nm
Rod495nm  495nm
UV cone358nm  365nm


Opponent processes:
Description (+) Terminus (-) Terminus Mode
Luminance (photopic)
Yellow cone   Photopic
Luminance (scotopic)
Rod   Scotopic
Green-UVA
552nm - 431nm - 364nm
 
Yellow cone UV cone
(Rod)
Photopic
Cones-Rods
586nm - 530nm - 473nm
 
Yellow cone Rod Mesopic

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Notes and References:

Müller B., Goodman S.M., & Peichl L. (2007) Cone Photoreceptor Diversity in the Retinas of Fruit Bats (Megachiroptera). Brain Behav Evol 70:90-104. doi:10.1159/000102971

Müller, B., Glösmann, M., Peichl, L., Knop, G. C., Hagemann, C. Ammermüller, J. (2009) Bat Eyes Have Ultraviolet-Sensitive Cone Photoreceptors. PLoS ONE 4(7): e6390. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006390

Wang, D., Oakley, T., Mower, J., Shimmin, L. C., Yim, S., Honeycutt, R. L., Tsao, H., Li, W.-H. (2004) Molecular Evolution of Bat Color Vision Genes Mol. Biol. Evol. 21(2):295-302. 2004

Pettigrew JD, Dreher B, Hopkins CS, McCall MJ, Brown M (1988) Peak Density and Distribution of Ganglion Cells in the Retinae of Microchiropteran Bats: Implications for Visual Acuity. Brain Behav. Evol. 32: 39-56

Kirk, E. C., & Kay, R. F. (2004). The evolution of high visual acuity in the Anthropoidea. In Anthropoid Origins (pp. 539-602). Springer US.

Warrant E.J., Nilsson D.-E. (1998) Absorption of White Light in Photoreceptors. Vision Res., Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 195-207. PII: S0042-6989(97)00151-X

Stavenga D., Smits R.P., Hoenders B.J. (1993) Simple Exponential Functions Describing the Absorbance Bands of Visual Pigment Spectra. Vision Res. 33(8) pp. 1011-1017. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(93)90237-Q



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