Carpenter bee (Xylocopa brasilianorum)

Containing taxa: Animalia » Arthropoda » Pancrustacea » Insecta » Endopterygota » Hymenoptera » Apoidea » Apidae » Xylocopinae

Photoreceptors:
Receptor Opsin λmax Filter λmax Filter λ50% Recep. λmax
Green544nm  544nm
Blue428nm  428nm
UV360nm  359nm


Opponent processes:
Description (+) Terminus (-) Terminus Mode
Luminance
 Green   Photopic
Lime-Indigo
544nm - 478nm - 428nm
  		Green Blue Photopic
Green-UV
544nm - 417nm - 357nm
  		Green UV Photopic

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Notes and References:

Briscoe, A. D. & Chittka, L. (2001) The Evolution of Color Vision in Insects. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2001. 46:471-510

Warrant E.J., Nilsson D.-E. (1998) Absorption of White Light in Photoreceptors. Vision Res., Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 195-207. PII: S0042-6989(97)00151-X

Stavenga D., Smits R.P., Hoenders B.J. (1993) Simple Exponential Functions Describing the Absorbance Bands of Visual Pigment Spectra. Vision Res. 33(8) pp. 1011-1017. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(93)90237-Q



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