AVIAN

Photoreceptors:

Receptor	Opsin λmax	Filter λmax	Filter λ50%	Recep. λmax
Red cone	562nm	530nm	600nm	607nm
Double cone	562nm	408nm	445nm	562nm
Green cone	502nm	475nm	535nm	542nm
Rod	502nm			502nm
Blue cone	440nm	408nm	440nm	458nm
Vio/UV cone	360nm			359nm

Opponent processes:

Description	(+) Terminus	(-) Terminus	Mode
Luminance (photopic)	Double cone		Photopic
Luminance (scotopic)	Rod		Scotopic
Red-Green 609nm - 580nm - 542nm	Red cone	Green cone	Photopic
Orange-Blue 605nm - 511nm - 458nm	Green cone Red cone	Blue cone	Photopic
Blue-UV 458nm - 414nm - 361nm	Blue cone	Vio/UV cone	Photopic

Please wait...

10001	t1	VSPLIT		Receptor,Rod,Cone
10002	t1	RCPMODE		Rod,1
10003	t1	TSPLIT		Cone,LWS cone,SWS cone
10004	t1	OPSIN		LWS cone,530
10005	t1	TSPLIT		SWS cone,MWS cone,SWS1 cone
10006	t1	OPSIN		SWS1 cone,380
10008	t1	TSPLIT		MWS cone,Rh2 cone,SWS2 cone
10009	t1	OPSIN		SWS2 cone,440
106382	t1	DSCOPP		643,SWS2 cone,SWS1 cone,Rod
106383	t1	DISCOPP		10003,Rh2 cone
106384	t1	CONNOPP		10003,+,Rh2 cone
106385	t1	DSCOPP		10005,Rh2 cone
106386	t1	CONNOPP		10008,+,LWS cone
106387	t1	DSCOPP		10008,SWS2 cone
106388	t1	DISCOPP		10008,Rh2 cone
106389	t1	CONNOPP		10008,-,Rh2 cone
106412	t1	NAMEOPP		643,Luminance (photopic)
106413	t1	NAMEOPP		10001,Luminance (scotopic)
106416	t1	DELOPP		106390
106418	t1	CONNdhgOPP	10003,+,LWS cone
106438	t1	NAMEOPP		10003,Yellow-Blue
106439	t1	NAMEOPP		10005,Blue-UV
106440	t1	NAMEOPP		10008,Red-Green
1335409	t1	RCPACU		Cone,2
1335410	t1	RCPACU		Rod,.5
10007	t478	RCPNAME		Rod-like,Rod
106626	t478	GRADLVL		50
1335402	t478	RCPACU		LWS cone,Rh2 cone,5
1335403	t478	RCPACU		SWS2 cone,SWS1 cone,1
1361559	t478	RCPACU		Rod,2
1561559	t478	RCPACU		Rod,2
106390	t159	VSPLIT		LWS cone,LWS cone,Double cone
106391	t159	SCRPIG		Double cone,408,445,150,2
106392	t159	DSCOPP		643,LWS cone,Rh2 cone
106393	t159	DSCOPP		10003,Double cone
106394	t159	DSCOPP		10008,Double cone
106630	t159	DISCOPP		10003,SWS1 cone
106673	t159	DELOPP		Luminance (photopic)2
106684	t159	DELOPP		106390Luminance (photopic)2
106685	t159	CONNOPP		10003,+,LWS cone
106373	t402	OPSIN		LWS cone,Double cone,565
106374	t402	PORPH		Double cone,LWS cone,Rh2 cone,SWS2 cone,SWS1 cone,Rod,0
106375	t402	SCRPIG		LWS cone,530,600,270,5
106376	t402	OPSIN		Rh2 cone,505
106377	t402	OPSIN		SWS2 cone,440
106378	t402	OPSIN		SWS1 cone,360
106379	t402	SCRPIG		Rh2 cone,475,535,200,3
106380	t402	SCRPIG		SWS2 cone,408,440,100,1
106381	t402	NOSCRPIG	SWS1 cone
106687	t5	DSCOPP		10003,SWS1 cone
106688	t5	DELOPP		106390Yellow-Blue2
106689	t5	RCPNAME		LWS cone,Red cone
106690	t5	RCPNAME		Rh2 cone,Green cone
106691	t5	RCPNAME		SWS2 cone,Blue cone
106692	t5	RCPNAME		SWS1 cone,Vio/UV cone
106728	t5	NAMEOPP		106390,Red-Green
106753	t5	COLOPP		10003,ff0,00f
106754	t5	COLOPP		10005,0ff,f0f
106755	t5	COLOPP		106390,f00,0f0
1351553	t4	ACUITY		5
993	s170	OPSIN		Rod,502
994	s170	OPSIN		Double cone,562
995	s170	OPSIN		Red cone,562
996	s170	OPSIN		Orange cone,562
997	s170	OPSIN		Green cone,502
998	s170	OPSIN		Blue cone,440
4639	s170	PORPH		Rod,0
4640	s170	PORPH		Double cone,0
4641	s170	PORPH		Red cone,0
4642	s170	PORPH		Orange cone,0
4643	s170	PORPH		Green cone,0
4644	s170	PORPH		Blue cone,0
4645	s170	PORPH		UV cone,0
1351627	s170	ACUITY		5.6

Notes and References:

P.A. Liebman, A.M. Granda, Microspectrophotometric measurements of visual pigments in two species of turtle, Pseudemys scripta elegans and Chelonia mydas mydas, Vision Research, Volume 11, Issue 2, 1971, Pages 105-114, ISSN 0042-6989, doi:10.1016/0042-6989(71)90227-6.

Warrant E.J., Nilsson D.-E. (1998) Absorption of White Light in Photoreceptors. Vision Res., Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 195-207. PII: S0042-6989(97)00151-X

Stavenga D., Smits R.P., Hoenders B.J. (1993) Simple Exponential Functions Describing the Absorbance Bands of Visual Pigment Spectra. Vision Res. 33(8) pp. 1011-1017. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(93)90237-Q

Note: Many species may have gaps in available data, which may be filled in with extrapolations from closely related species. The AVIAN website is copyright © 2011-2024 J. Gagnon. All rights reserved unless otherwise specified.

Animal Vision Interactive Analyzer

Green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas)

Notes and References: