<!-- VSPLIT cloning Luminance... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +Cone from Luminance2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- Connecting +Rh2 cone to LWS cone - SWS cone -->
<!-- Connecting +LWS cone to Rh2 cone - SWS2 cone -->
<!-- Connecting -Rh2 cone to Rh2 cone - SWS2 cone -->
<!-- UNKNOWN OPCODE CONNDHGOPP in `finetune` -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Luminance (photopic)... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +LWS cone from Luminance (photopic)2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Yellow-Blue... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +LWS cone from Yellow-Blue2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Red-Green... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +LWS cone from Red-Green2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Luminance (photopic)... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +Rh2 cone from Luminance (photopic)2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Yellow-Blue... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +Rh2 cone from Yellow-Blue2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Red-Green... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting -Rh2 cone from Red-Green2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Luminance (photopic)2... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +Rh2 cone from Luminance (photopic)22 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Yellow-Blue2... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +Rh2 cone from Yellow-Blue22 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Red-Green2... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting -Rh2 cone from Red-Green22 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- DELOPP Luminance (photopic)2 -->
<!-- DELOPP Yellow-Blue2 -->
<!-- DELOPP Red-Green2 -->
<!-- DELOPP Luminance (photopic)2 -->
<!-- DELOPP Yellow-Blue2 -->
<!-- DELOPP Red-Green2 -->
<!-- DELOPP Luminance (photopic)22 -->
<!-- DELOPP Yellow-Blue22 -->
<!-- DELOPP Red-Green22 -->
<!-- Connecting +Double cone LWS to Yellow-Blue -->
<!-- Connecting +Double cone MWS to Yellow-Blue -->
<!-- Connecting +Double cone LWS to Luminance (photopic) -->
<!-- Connecting +Double cone MWS to Luminance (photopic) -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Luminance (photopic)... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +DoubleP from Luminance (photopic)2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Yellow-Blue... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +DoubleP from Yellow-Blue2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Red-Green (double cones)... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +DoubleP from Red-Green (double cones)2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Double-Single cones... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +DoubleP from Double-Single cones2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Luminance (photopic)... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +DoubleA from Luminance (photopic)2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Yellow-Blue... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +DoubleA from Yellow-Blue2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Red-Green (double cones)... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting -DoubleA from Red-Green (double cones)2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Double-Single cones... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +DoubleA from Double-Single cones2 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Luminance (photopic)2... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +DoubleA from Luminance (photopic)22 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Yellow-Blue2... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +DoubleA from Yellow-Blue22 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Red-Green (double cones)2... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting -DoubleA from Red-Green (double cones)22 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- VSPLIT cloning Double-Single cones2... -->
<!-- VSPLIT omitting +DoubleA from Double-Single cones22 and adding new recep instead. -->
<!-- DELOPP Luminance (photopic)2 -->
<!-- DELOPP Yellow-Blue2 -->
<!-- DELOPP Red-Green (double cones)2 -->
<!-- DELOPP Double-Single cones2 -->
<!-- DELOPP Luminance (photopic)2 -->
<!-- DELOPP Yellow-Blue2 -->
<!-- DELOPP Red-Green (double cones)2 -->
<!-- DELOPP Double-Single cones2 -->
<!-- DELOPP Luminance (photopic)22 -->
<!-- DELOPP Yellow-Blue22 -->
<!-- DELOPP Red-Green (double cones)22 -->
<!-- DELOPP Double-Single cones22 -->
<!-- Connecting +DoubleP to Yellow-Blue -->
<!-- Connecting +DoubleA to Yellow-Blue -->
<!-- Connecting +Double cone LWS to Luminance (photopic) -->
<!-- Connecting +Double cone MWS to Luminance (photopic) -->
<!-- Connecting +Double cone LWS to Yellow-Blue -->
<!-- Connecting +Double cone MWS to Yellow-Blue -->
<!-- DELOPPEQ Double-Single cones -->
<!-- Luminance (photopic) (643) has +Double cone MWS -->
<!-- oppoacup 8.8 from Double cone MWS -->
<!-- Luminance (photopic): Array
(
    [0] => 0
)
 -->
<!-- Luminance (photopic) mode = 0 -->
<!-- Luminance (photopic) acuity is 8.8 based on +8.8, -0 -->
<!-- Luminance (scotopic) (10001) has +Rod -->
<!-- oppoacup 22 from Rod -->
<!-- Luminance (scotopic): Array
(
    [0] => 1
)
 -->
<!-- Luminance (scotopic) mode = 1 -->
<!-- Luminance (scotopic) acuity is 22 based on +22, -0 -->
<!-- Yellow-Blue (10003) has +Double cone MWS -->
<!-- oppoacup 8.8 from Double cone MWS -->
<!-- Yellow-Blue (10003) has -SWS2 cone -->
<!-- oppoacum 44 from SWS2 cone -->
<!-- Yellow-Blue: Array
(
    [0] => 0
)
 -->
<!-- Yellow-Blue mode = 0 -->
<!-- Yellow-Blue acuity is 44 based on +8.8, -44 -->
<!-- Blue-UV (10005) has +SWS2 cone -->
<!-- oppoacup 44 from SWS2 cone -->
<!-- Blue-UV: Array
(
    [0] => 0
)
 -->
<!-- Blue-UV mode = 0 -->
<!-- Blue-UV acuity is 44 based on +44, -0 -->
<!-- deleted Red-Green no plusreceps -->
<!-- deleted Red-Green (double cones) no plusreceps -->
<!-- deleted Double-Single cones no plusreceps -->
<!-- SWS2a cone - SWS2b cone (106499) has +SWS2 cone -->
<!-- oppoacup 44 from SWS2 cone -->
<!-- SWS2a cone - SWS2b cone: Array
(
    [0] => 0
)
 -->
<!-- SWS2a cone - SWS2b cone mode = 0 -->
<!-- SWS2a cone - SWS2b cone acuity is 44 based on +44, -0 -->
<!-- deleted  no plusreceps -->
<!-- deleted Red-Green (double cones) no plusreceps -->
<!-- Double-Single cones (106527) has +Double cone MWS -->
<!-- oppoacup 8.8 from Double cone MWS -->
<!-- Double-Single cones: Array
(
    [0] => 0
)
 -->
<!-- Double-Single cones mode = 0 -->
<!-- Double-Single cones acuity is 8.8 based on +8.8, -0 -->
<!-- Opp Luminance (photopic) pl/ml ranges: 515, 0 -->
<!-- Opp Luminance (scotopic) pl/ml ranges: 475, 0 -->
<!-- Opp Yellow-Blue pl/ml ranges: 558, 434 -->
<!-- unset Blue-UV: no minusrecep and not luminance -->
<!-- unset SWS2a cone - SWS2b cone: no minusrecep and not luminance -->
<!-- unset Double-Single cones: no minusrecep and not luminance -->
<!-- yellow at 558 nm. -->
<!-- blue at 434 nm. -->
<!-- Photopic: 0 [, Green-Blue, ] -->
<!-- Scotopic: 1 [, ] -->
<html>
<head> 
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>AVIAN - Barracuda (Sphyraena helleri)</title>
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<a href='index.php'><img align="left" src="img/logo.png"><span class="red">A</span><span class="green">V</span><span class="blue">I</span><span class="purple">A</span><span class="orange">N</span></a></h1>
<h4 id="subtitle">Animal Vision Interactive Analyzer</h4>
</div>

<div id="menu">

<ul>
	<li>Major Taxa
		<ul>
			<li><a href="index.php?node=0&id=145">Animalia</a></li>
<li><a href="index.php?node=26&id=145">Chelicerata</a></li>
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			<li><a href="species.php?id=145">Barracuda&nbsp;(Sphyraena&nbsp;helleri)</a></li>
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<span id="opfisehciet"><br><br>&nbsp;</span>

</div>

<br><br><br>
<!-- Luminance (photopic): plmax 535(515); zero 0; mlmax 0(0) -->
<!-- Luminance (scotopic): plmax 481(475); zero 0; mlmax 0(0) -->
<!-- Green-Blue: plmax 539(558); zero 490; mlmax 443(434) -->
<div id="specieshdr">
<h3>Barracuda (<i>Sphyraena helleri</i>)</h3>

<p><!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '457' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '153' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '455' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '134' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '448' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '444' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '127' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '442' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '2' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '478' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '1' -->
<!-- SELECT `name`, `parent_id` pi FROM `taxon` WHERE `taxon_id` = '0' -->
Containing taxa: <a href="index.php?node=0">Animalia</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=1">Chordata</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=478">Osteichthyes</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=2">Actinopterygii</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=442">Neopterygii</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=127">Teleostei</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=444">Euteleostei</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=448">Neoteleostei</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=134">Acanthomorpha</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=455">Acanthopterygii</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=153">Percomorpha</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=457">Carangimorpharia</a> &raquo; <a href="index.php?node=214">Sphyraenidae</a></p>


</div>

<div id="opsinopp">
<div id="opsins">
Photoreceptors:
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="503">
    <tr class="tblheader">
        <td width=40%>Receptor</td>
        <td width=20%>Opsin&nbsp;&lambda;max</td>
        <td width=20%>Filter&nbsp;&lambda;max</td>
        <td width=20%>Filter&nbsp;&lambda;50%</td>
        <td width=20%>Recep.&nbsp;&lambda;max</td>
    </tr>
<tr><td nowrap>Double cone MWS</td><td>535nm</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>535nm</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap>Rod</td><td>481nm</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>481nm</td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap>SWS2 cone</td><td>445nm</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>447nm</td></tr>
</table>
</div>

<br><br>

<div id="opponents">
Opponent processes:
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="503">
    <tr class="tblheader">
        <td width=40%>Description</td>
        <td width=25%>(+) Terminus</td>
        <td width=25%>(-) Terminus</td>
        <td width=10%>Mode</td>
    </tr>
<tr>
            <td valign=top>Luminance (photopic)<br>
			            <!-- : 1.1923801287767 - 1 -->
            </td>
            <td valign=top style="background-color: #111; color: #ffffff;">Double cone MWS</td>
            <td valign=top style="background-color: #111; color: #000000;">&nbsp;</td>
            <td>Photopic</td>
          </tr>
        <tr>
            <td valign=top>Luminance (scotopic)<br>
			            <!-- : 0.98078907825942 - 1 -->
            </td>
            <td valign=top style="background-color: #111; color: #ffffff;">Rod</td>
            <td valign=top style="background-color: #111; color: #000000;">&nbsp;</td>
            <td>Scotopic</td>
          </tr>
        <tr>
            <td valign=top>Green-Blue<br>
			539nm - 490nm - 443nm<br>&nbsp;            <!-- : 1.2251373648775 - 0.94160455326755 -->
            </td>
            <td valign=top style="background-color: #111; color: #ff9600;">Double cone MWS</td>
            <td valign=top style="background-color: #111; color: #0062ff;">SWS2 cone</td>
            <td>Photopic</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
</div>
</div>


<div id="receptors">
<div class="tab">
  <button class="tablinks active" onclick="openTab(event, 'ops')">Photoreceptor Curves</button>
  <button class="tablinks" onclick="openTab(event, 'opp')">Opponency Curves</button>
  <button class="tablinks" onclick="openTab(event, 'dsc')">Wavelength Discrimination</button>
  <button class="tablinks" onclick="openTab(event, 'cie')">Chromaticity Diagram</button>
  <button class="tablinks" onclick="openTab(event, 'script')">Script Commands</button>
</div>

<div id="ops" class="tabcontent">
	<p id="pw1">Please wait...</p> 
	<img src="img/opsinimg.php?species_id=145" onload="window.setTimeout(function(){$('#pw1').hide();},53);">
</div>

<div id="opp" class="tabcontent">
	<p id="pw2">Please wait...</p> 
  <script>
  var oppimurl = 'img/opponimg.php?species_id=145';
  </script>
</div>

<div id="dsc" class="tabcontent">
	<p id="pw3">Please wait...</p> 
  <script>
  var dscimurl = 'img/discriminimg.php?species_id=145';
  </script>
</div>

<div id="cie" class="tabcontent">
	<p id="pw4">Please wait...</p> 
  <!-- p>WARNING: Beta.</p -->
  <script>
  var cieimurl = 'img/chromatimg.php?species_id=145';
  var modes = [			0, 			  ];
  var modenm = [		'Photopic', 			  ];
  openTab(false, 'ops');
  </script>
</div>

<div id="script" class="tabcontent">
<textarea style="width: 1050px; height: 400px;">
10001	t1	VSPLIT		Receptor,Rod,Cone
10002	t1	RCPMODE		Rod,1
10003	t1	TSPLIT		Cone,LWS cone,SWS cone
10004	t1	OPSIN		LWS cone,530
10005	t1	TSPLIT		SWS cone,MWS cone,SWS1 cone
10006	t1	OPSIN		SWS1 cone,380
10008	t1	TSPLIT		MWS cone,Rh2 cone,SWS2 cone
10009	t1	OPSIN		SWS2 cone,440
106382	t1	DSCOPP		643,SWS2 cone,SWS1 cone,Rod
106383	t1	DISCOPP		10003,Rh2 cone
106384	t1	CONNOPP		10003,+,Rh2 cone
106385	t1	DSCOPP		10005,Rh2 cone
106386	t1	CONNOPP		10008,+,LWS cone
106387	t1	DSCOPP		10008,SWS2 cone
106388	t1	DISCOPP		10008,Rh2 cone
106389	t1	CONNOPP		10008,-,Rh2 cone
106412	t1	NAMEOPP		643,Luminance (photopic)
106413	t1	NAMEOPP		10001,Luminance (scotopic)
106416	t1	DELOPP		106390
106418	t1	CONNdhgOPP	10003,+,LWS cone
106438	t1	NAMEOPP		10003,Yellow-Blue
106439	t1	NAMEOPP		10005,Blue-UV
106440	t1	NAMEOPP		10008,Red-Green
1335409	t1	RCPACU		Cone,2
1335410	t1	RCPACU		Rod,.5
10007	t478	RCPNAME		Rod-like,Rod
106626	t478	GRADLVL		50
1335402	t478	RCPACU		LWS cone,Rh2 cone,5
1335403	t478	RCPACU		SWS2 cone,SWS1 cone,1
1361559	t478	RCPACU		Rod,2
1561559	t478	RCPACU		Rod,2
10109	t2	OPSIN		LWS cone,620
10110	t2	PORPH		LWS cone,Rh2 cone,SWS2 cone,SWS1 cone,Rod,1
10114	t2	OPSIN		Rh2 cone,525
106435	t2	RCPNAME		LWS cone,Double cone LWS
106436	t2	RCPNAME		Rh2 cone,Double cone MWS
106437	t2	OPSIN		Double cone,0
106449	t127	VSPLIT		Double cone LWS,Double cone LWS,LWS cone
106453	t127	VSPLIT		Double cone MWS,Double cone MWS,Rh2 cone
106454	t127	DELOPP		106449,106453
106461	t127	CONNOPP		10003,+,Double cone LWS,Double cone MWS
106462	t127	CRE8OPP		Red-Green (double cones),+Double cone LWS,-Double cone MWS
106468	t127	CRE8OPP		Double-Single cones,+Double cone LWS,+Double cone MWS,-LWS cone,-Rh2 cone
106514	t127	CONNOPP		643,+,Double cone LWS,Double cone MWS
106520	t448	PORPHCNV	DoubleP,DoubleA,Double cone LWS,Double cone MWS,LWS cone,Rh2 cone,SWS2 cone,SWS1 cone,Rod,0
106457	t455	VSPLIT		Double cone LWS,Double cone LWS,DoubleP
106458	t455	VSPLIT		Double cone MWS,Double cone MWS,DoubleA
106459	t455	DELOPP		106457,106458
106467	t455	CONNOPP		10003,+,DoubleP,DoubleA
106499	t455	TSPLIT		SWS2 cone,SWS2a cone,SWS2b cone
106500	t455	OPSIN		SWS2b cone,415
106516	t455	CRE8OPP		Red-Green (double cones),+Double cone LWS,-Double cone MWS
106517	t455	CONNOPP		643,+,Double cone LWS,Double cone MWS
106519	t455	CONNOPP		10003,+,Double cone LWS,Double cone MWS
106527	t455	CRE8OPP		Double-Single cones,+Double cone LWS,+Double cone MWS,-LWS cone,-Rh2 cone
1351524	t455	DELOPPEQ	106527
106599	t214	OPSIN		DoubleP,DoubleA,SWS2b cone,0
106600	t214	RCPNAME		SWS2a cone,SWS2 cone
852	s145	OPSIN		Double cone LWS,0
853	s145	OPSIN		Double cone MWS,535
854	s145	OPSIN		LWS cone,0
855	s145	OPSIN		Rh2 cone,0
856	s145	OPSIN		SWS2 cone,445
857	s145	OPSIN		SWS1 cone,0
4545	s145	PORPH		Double cone LWS,0
4546	s145	PORPH		Double cone MWS,0
4547	s145	PORPH		LWS cone,0
4548	s145	PORPH		Rh2 cone,0
4549	s145	PORPH		SWS2 cone,0
4550	s145	PORPH		SWS1 cone,0
4551	s145	PORPH		Rod,0
</textarea>
</div>

</div>


<div id="links">
<a href="color.php?sp=145">View color of something</a>
| <a href="image_process.php">Process image</a>
| <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Sphyraena helleri&tbm=isch&tbs=sur:fmc" target="_gizoogle">Image Search</a>
</div>

<div class="clear">
&nbsp;
</div>

<div class="cites">
<h3>Notes and References:</h3>
Wilkins L., Marshall N.J., Johnsen S., Osorio D. (2016)
Modelling colour constancy in fish: implications for vision and signalling in water.
<i>Journal of Experimental Biology</i> 2016 219: 1884-1892; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.139147 " target="_cite">doi:10.1242/jeb.139147 </a> <br><br>Siebeck U.E., Marshall N.J. (1999)
Ocular media transmission of coral reef fish - can coral reef fish see ultraviolet light?
<i>Vision Research</i> 41 (2001) 133 - 149.  <br><br>Warrant E.J., Nilsson D.-E. (1998) Absorption of White Light in Photoreceptors. <i>Vision Res.</i>, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 195-207. PII: S0042-6989(97)00151-X <br><br>Stavenga D., Smits R.P., Hoenders B.J. (1993) Simple Exponential Functions Describing the Absorbance Bands of Visual Pigment Spectra. <i>Vision Res.</i> 33(8) pp. 1011-1017. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(93)90237-Q " target="_cite">doi:10.1016/0042-6989(93)90237-Q </a><br><br> <br><br>
<em>Note: Many species may have gaps in available data, which may be filled in with extrapolations from closely related species.
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