Red-billed leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea)

Containing taxa: Animalia » Chordata » Osteichthyes » Sarcopterygii » Tetrapoda » Diapsida » Archosauria » Aves » Neoaves » Passeriformes » Leiothrichidae

Photoreceptors:
Receptor Opsin λmax Filter λmax Filter λ50% Recep. λmax
Red cone567nm590nm610nm620nm
Double cone567nm445nm445nm567nm
Green cone501nm490nm506nm519nm
Rod500nm500nm
Blue cone453nm420nm436nm457nm
Vio/UV cone355nm362nm


Opponent processes:
Description (+) Terminus (-) Terminus Mode
Luminance (photopic)
 Double cone   Photopic
Luminance (scotopic)
 Rod   Scotopic
Red-Green
620nm - 604nm - 519nm
  		Red cone Green cone Photopic
Red-Blue
619nm - 507nm - 457nm
  		Green cone
Red cone		 Blue cone Photopic
Blue-UV
457nm - 428nm - 362nm
  		Blue cone Vio/UV cone Photopic

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Notes and References:

Hart, N. S. (2001) The Visual Ecology of Avian Photoreceptors. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 675 to 703, 2001

Osorio D., Vorobyev M., Jones C.D. (1999) COLOUR VISION OF DOMESTIC CHICKS. Journal of Experimental Biology 202, 2951-2959

Warrant E.J., Nilsson D.-E. (1998) Absorption of White Light in Photoreceptors. Vision Res., Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 195-207. PII: S0042-6989(97)00151-X

Stavenga D., Smits R.P., Hoenders B.J. (1993) Simple Exponential Functions Describing the Absorbance Bands of Visual Pigment Spectra. Vision Res. 33(8) pp. 1011-1017. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(93)90237-Q



Note: Many species may have gaps in available data, which may be filled in with extrapolations from closely related species. The AVIAN website is copyright © 2011-2024 J. Gagnon. All rights reserved unless otherwise specified.