4.10 Heterocycles
Besides benzene, there are many other ring-shaped molecules with their own names. Heterocycles are rings consisting of atoms of more than one element. Benzene is not a heterocycle because all its ring atoms are carbon. Don't worry about memorizing all the heterocycles, it's probably impossible. 🙃 This table is mainly here as a reference:
pyrrole |
imidazole |
pyrazole |
1,2,4-triazole |
1,2,3-triazole |
pyridine |
pyrazine |
pyridazine |
pyrimidine |
furan |
oxazole |
isoxazole |
thiophene |
thiazole |
2H-pyran |
4H-pyran |
1,2-dioxin |
1,4-dioxin |
indole |
isoindole |
benzofuran (coumarone) |
isobenzofuran |
benzoxazole |
benzthiazole |
benzimidazole |
1H-indazole |
purine |
quinoline |
isoquinoline |
quinoxaline |
pteridine |
1,8-naphthyridine |
quinazoline |
cinnoline |
phthalazine |
2H-chromene |
fluorene |
carbazole |
dibenzofuran |
acridine |
phenazine |
phenoxazine |
phenothiazine |
dibenzodioxin (dibenzo-1,4-dioxin) |
phenoxanthiin |
azepine |
oxepine |
thiepine |
1,3-diazepine |
1,4-diazepine |
1,3-thiazepine |
1,4-thiazepine |
azocane |
thiocane |